This bibliographic paper aims to reflect on incorporating recent history in Chilean school education based on educational policies and scientific literature on the subject. The theoretical proposals formulated by Tuithof et al. (2021) and Villalón-Gálvez and Zamorano-Vargas (2018) are examined to explore the obstacles that history educators face when teaching the subject. Three characteristics of the historiographical field Stand out: contemporaneity, historical sources, and conception of history related to teaching objectives identified in the teacher’s thinking from different perspectives of history teaching. Finally, teachers face challenges linked to the teaching of recent history due to their beliefs and knowledge on this subject, as well as to their citizenship experiences.