artículo
Estimating mortality and disability in Peru before the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of the Disease Study 2019
Fecha
2023Registro en:
10.3389/fpubh.2023.1189861
2296-2565
Autor
Ríos-Blancas, María Jesus
Pando-Robles, Victoria
Razo, Christian
Carcamo, César P.
Mendoza, Walter
Pacheco-Barríos, Kevin
Miranda, J. Jaime
Lansingh, Van Charles
Demie, Takele Gezahegn
Saha, Manika
Okonji, Osaretin Christabel
Yigit, Arzu
Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero
Chacón-Uscamaita, Pamela R.
Bernabe, Eduardo
Culquichicon, Carlos
Chirinos-Caceres, Jesus Lorenzo
Cárdenas, Rosario
Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
Barrera, Francisco J.
Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina
Shorofi, Seyed Afshin
Nuwan, Darshana Wickramasinghe
Nuno, Ferreira
Louay, Almidani
Vivek, Kumar Gupta
Hanie, Karimi
Alayu, Daniel Shewaye
Benziger, Catherine P.
Takeshi, Fukumoto
Ebrahim, Mostafavi
Elrashdy, Moustafa Mohamed Redwan
Mesfin, Gebrehiwot
Khaled, Khatab
Ai, Koyanagi
Krapp, Fiorella
Lee, Seung
Noori, Maryam
Qattea. Ibrahim
Rosenthal, Victor Daniel
Sakshaug, Joseph W.
Wagaye, Birhanu
Iman, Zare
Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V.
Murillo-Zamora, Efrén
Vervoort, Dominique
Santos Silva, Diego Augusto
Abderrahim, Oulhaj
Herrera-Serna, Brenda Yuliana
Mehra, Rahul
Mehrdad, Amir-Behghadami
Nasrin, Adib
Cortés Arancibia, Sandra
Anh, Kim Dang
Binh, Thanh Nguyen
Ali, H. Mokdad
Hay, Simon I.
Murray, Christopher J. L.
Lozano, Rafael
García, Patricia J.
Institución
Resumen
Background Estimating and analyzing trends and patterns of health loss are essential to promote efficient resource allocation and improve Peru’s healthcare system performance.MethodsUsing estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD), Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (2019), we assessed mortality and disability in Peru from 1990 to 2019. We report demographic and epidemiologic trends in terms of population, life expectancy at birth (LE), mortality, incidence, prevalence, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) caused by the major diseases and risk factors in Peru. Finally, we compared Peru with 16 countries in the Latin American (LA) region.ResultsThe Peruvian population reached 33.9 million inhabitants (49.9% women) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, LE at birth increased from 69.2 (95% uncertainty interval 67.8–70.3) to 80.3 (77.2–83.2) years. This increase was driven by the decline in under-5 mortality (−80.7%) and mortality from infectious diseases in older age groups (+60 years old). The number of DALYs in 1990 was 9.2 million (8.5–10.1) and reached 7.5 million (6.1–9.0) in 2019. The proportion of DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) increased from 38.2% in 1990 to 67.9% in 2019. The all-ages and age-standardized DALYs rates and YLLs rates decreased, but YLDs rates remained constant. In 2019, the leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, lower respiratory infections (LRIs), ischemic heart disease, road injuries, and low back pain. The leading risk factors associated with DALYs in 2019 were undernutrition, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, and air pollution. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Peru experienced one of the highest LRIs-DALYs rates in the LA region.ConclusionIn the last three decades, Peru experienced significant improvements in LE and child survival and an increase in the burden of NCDs and associated disability. The Peruvian healthcare system must be redesigned to respond to this epidemiological transition. The new design should aim to reduce premature deaths and maintain healthy longevity, focusing on effective coverage and treatment of NCDs and reducing and managing the related disability.