Although in 90% of the cases it is a primary disorder, headache, a common clinical complaint in infancy and adolescence, presents one of the most extensive lists of differential diagnoses. To confirm the etiology of these painful episodes is of the utmost importance, for even being of a benign and autolimited nature in most cases; they may be secondary to numerous pathologies, such as intracranial tumors, which have an extremely reserved prognosis in the Pediatric group of patients. The authors proceed to a review of the literature on the possible causes of headaches in childhood.