Pesticide use, management, and regulation have been a tough topic in international and domestic politics. Brazil, for instance, has one of the world highest annual pesticide consumption (76 millions of kg) (World Atlas, 2017). In contrast with this high consumption, pesticide regulation has been undermined in the country each year because of the diversity and plurality of interests among civil society and the Legislative and Executive branches of the government. This imbalance can be seen through the significant number of 262 agricultural pesticides that were authorized for use since January 2019. This number raised a concern of public opinion, especially regarding the adverse health and environmental impacts these pesticides would have in the long term. This movement led multilateral organizations – such as the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization – to adopt resolutions towards the mitigation of these detrimental effects. However, two questions must be addressed to move beyond international organization rhetoric towards effective enforcement. First, what are the role played by international organizations (mainly those in the UN system) in the pesticides regulation, control, and health? Second, what is the main content of international regulations on pesticides? Although these questions are primarily about regulatory competences and recommendations to states, they encompass power constraints, namely those related to transnational corporations and their influence of political outcome. Finally, we point out some thoughts about the potential impact of the weakening of pesticides regulation on Brazil’s foreign trade.