Prenatal exposure to misoprostol has beenassociated with Moebius and limb defects.Vascular disruption has been proposed asthe mechanism for these teratogenic effects. The present study is a multicenter, casecontrol study that was designed to compare the frequency of prenatal misoprostol use between mothers of Brazilian children diagnosedwith vascular disruption defects andmatched control mothers of children diagnosed with other types of defects. A total of 93 cases and 279 controls were recruited in eight participating centers. Prenatal exposure was identified in 32 infants diagnosed with vascular disruption defects (34.4 percent) compared with only 12 (4.3 percent) in the control group (P menor que 0.0000001). Our data suggest thatprenatal exposure to misoprostol is associated to the occurrence of vascular disruption defects in the newborns.