Article
The Maze Pathway of Coevolution: A Critical Review over the Leishmania and Its Endosymbiotic History
Registro en:
CANTANHEDÊ, Lilian Motta et al. The Maze Pathway of Coevolution: A Critical Review over the Leishmania and Its Endosymbiotic History. Genes, v. 12, n. 657, 15 p, Apr. 2021.
2073-4425
10.3390/genes12050657
Autor
Cantanhêde, Lilian Motta
Mata-Somarribas, Carlos
Chourabi, Khaled
Silva, Gabriela Pereira da
Chagas, Bruna Dias das
Pereira, Luiza de Oliveira R.
Boité, Mariana Cortês
Cupolillo, Elisa
Resumen
The description of the genus Leishmania as the causative agent of leishmaniasis occurred in
the modern age. However, evolutionary studies suggest that the origin of Leishmania can be traced
back to the Mesozoic era. Subsequently, during its evolutionary process, it achieved worldwide
dispersion predating the breakup of the Gondwana supercontinent. It is assumed that this parasite
evolved from monoxenic Trypanosomatidae. Phylogenetic studies locate dixenous Leishmania in a
well-supported clade, in the recently named subfamily Leishmaniinae, which also includes monoxe nous trypanosomatids. Virus-like particles have been reported in many species of this family. To date,
several Leishmania species have been reported to be infected by Leishmania RNA virus (LRV) and
Leishbunyavirus (LBV). Since the first descriptions of LRVs decades ago, differences in their genomic
structures have been highlighted, leading to the designation of LRV1 in L. (Viannia) species and LRV2
in L. (Leishmania) species. There are strong indications that viruses that infect Leishmania spp. have
the ability to enhance parasitic survival in humans as well as in experimental infections, through
highly complex and specialized mechanisms. Phylogenetic analyses of these viruses have shown that
their genomic differences correlate with the parasite species infected, suggesting a coevolutionary
process. Herein, we will explore what has been described in the literature regarding the relationship
between Leishmania and endosymbiotic Leishmania viruses and what is known about this association
that could contribute to discussions about the worldwide dispersion of Leishmania.
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