Mean curvature flow and low energy solutions of the parabolic Allen-Cahn equation on the Three-Sphere

Abstract

In this article, we study eternal solutions to the Allen-Cahn equation in the 3-sphere, in view of the connection between the gradient flow of the associated energy functional, and the mean curvature flow. We construct eternal integral Brakke flows that connect Clifford tori to equatorial spheres, and study a family of such flows, in particular their symmetry properties. Our approach is based on the realization of Brakke’s motion by mean curvature as a singular limit of Allen-Cahn gradient flows, as studied by Ilmanen (J Differ Geom 38(2):417–461, 1993) and Tonegawa (Hiroshima Math J 33(3): 323–341, 2003), and it uses the classification of ancient gradient flows in spheres, by Choi and Mantoulidis (Amer J Math, 2019), as well as the rigidity of stationary solutions with low Morse index proved by Hiesmayr (arXiv:2007.08701 [math.DG], 2020).