Tese
Planejamento de uso e ocupação do solo visando o manejo sustentável das águas pluviais
Fecha
2022-10-19Autor
Perius, Carla Fernanda
Institución
Resumen
The land use planning in urban areas is a legal instrument that guides the cities development,
normally presented as a Land Use/Cover Plan (LUCP) and has direct consequences in many
urban infrastructure services, such as urban stormwater drainage. Urban land use planning is
considered as a non-structural measure for the stormwater management, and should be
designed to prioritize the maintenance of natural hydrological processes. However, the
inclusion of hydrological criteria in LUCP is not common in Brazil. Thus, in this research, it
was evaluated the urban land use planning effect in the urban stormwater drainage networks
demands, through the analysis of different scenarios that consider strategies for the urban land
use organization, according to the watershed physiographic characteristics. By the different
scenarios it was possible to identify: i) how the spatial location of the different urban land use,
including verticalization and/or horizontalization, affects the stormwater; ii) how the spatial
location of the different land use guidelines affects the runoff in the watershed iii) how the
different land use guidelines can be combined to guide the runoff reduction and reduce the
need for urban drainage infrastructure. For this purpose, the Arroio Cancela watershed located
in the Santa Maria – RS was used as a reference, which presents common problems of urban
watershed from different regions and possess necessary information for this study. The
investigation was performed out by through hydrological-hydraulic numerical modeling by
using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). The Arroio Cancela watershed was
subdivided into sub-watersheds and the network was represented by segments, to seek better
routing process adjusts and to better represent the evaluated scenarios. The analysis also
contemplated the proposed scenarios simulations for different precipitation events. The
hydrographs, maximum flows analysis and total volumes drained were used as scenarios
indicators and evaluated at different scales, which include outlets of some sub-watershed,
interest points along the drainage channel and the watershed outlet, allowing the verification
of the progressive increase effect in the drainage area and of the urbanization on flows and
volumes. As results, verticalization processes are beneficial to stormwater urban drainage,
since they generate less impervious areas, decreasing maximum flow by until 300% and total
volumes drained by until 65%. Verticalizing the steeper regions or those with more permeable
soils has also proven to be more beneficial, since they reduce total volumes and the peak
flows due to infiltration processes that delay the runoff, acting as a natural retention. The
results of this investigation made it possible to draw guidelines for the improvement of the
criteria used in the elaboration/review of municipals LUCP, to promote convergence between
urban land use zoning towards the sustainable stormwater management in the watershed.