Com o olhar da criança: uma etnografia horizontal sobre a circulação de saberes entre crianças pequenas na escola

Abstract

In this Master thesis is realized an ethnographic study which aims to analyse the circulation processes of knowledge between small children at the Unit of Infant Education Ipê Amarelo (UIEIA), a research-school composed by groups of various ages connected to the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) integrating kids from 2 to 6 years-old. In view of the intersectionality of knowledges from the adult world and the ones built and shared between children in their network of relations, seeking to foster the anthropological glance to the epistemology of the infant from Vygotsky’s social interactionists studies into dialogue with Merleau-Ponty’s point of view and the ecological anthropology of Tim Ingold. According to the anthropological approach of Clarice Cohn (2005; 2013) in the commitment of the adultcentric’s referential distance aligned to the search mode “with”, not “about” children of William Corsaro (2005; 2011), this study is developed in the composition of an ethnographic horizontality on which the researcher embraces the involvement behaviour in equivalence to the child, giving supremacy to the knowledges from the childrens’ perspectives. In order to do this, is covered the infant’s protagonism based on Manuel Sarmento’s contemporaries studies (2004; 2008) and other thinkers of this subject who reinforce the quality of child while subject social both active and creative being, simultaneously, product and producer sociocultural. Besides, in this study also takes up the infant’s epistemic aspect. The procedures of data gathering and analysis were made from participant observation written in field diary and the results revealed that the dissemination of knowledges between small children at school happens on an integralized way related to the experiences and the kids’ reality. Thus, learning arises from the manner of kids in each other correspondence and in line with the environment.