Tese
Metabolismo territorial bioeconômico: transformações no sistema de produção pecuário em áreas de proteção ambiental para uso sustentável.
Fecha
2022-12-12Autor
Rhoden, Angélica Cristina
Institución
Resumen
In recent decades, significant changes have driven the advancement of agricultural
production systems in Brazil. The cultivation of grains, mainly rice and soybeans,
replaced areas of natural pasture. Livestock is an important factor in the balance of
biogeochemical cycles, and biodiversity. In this perspective, in order to preserve these
areas, in the midst of the growth of agricultural production, Environmental Protection
Areas (APAs) were delimited, with the objective of reconciling preservation with
sustainable exploitation of production systems. In this way, the objective was to analyze
how the transformations arising from the change in land use in the territory of the
Ibirapuitã APA conservation unit and their influence on the economic and biological
flows of the livestock production system over time. Methodologically, the approach is
considered mixed, based on quantitative and qualitative techniques, consisting of a case
study. To this end, we built two methodological stages. In stage A, we built a database
with macroeconomic and agricultural production variables from the four municipalities
that make up the APA of Ibirapuitã, including remote sensing images to assess the
change in land use between 2000 and 2020. In addition, regression models were used.
used to determine trends in agricultural production growth and analyze the impact of
land use change on the economic dynamics of the territory. In stage B, we propose a
methodological sequence to identify how the land use change scenario altered the
economic flows of financial inputs and outputs, as well as the inputs and outputs of
nitrogen in a livestock production system in the Environmental Protection Area between
2010 and 2020. Flowcharts and indicators were designed to assess flows over time.
Based on economic and nitrogen fluxes, we propose indicators of Territorial
Bioeconomic Metabolism for the livestock production system. The methodological
proposal of stage A and B was complemented by semi-structured interviews. The results
indicated a change in land use in the APA, resulting from the transformation of natural
pastures into grain production systems. Production based on economic efficiency is one
of the main drivers of land use change. The establishment of pasture areas is not related
to the size of the herds, but to the intensification of production aiming at profitability.
The Bioeconomic Territorial Metabolism made it possible to carry out a multi-indicator
study of livestock systems and contribute with opportunities for theoretical-
methodological intervention linked to rural extension. The APA was essential to
guarantee the sustainable use of the territory. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a
representative public policy for the Pampa biome that offers incentives and encourages
the conservation of ecosystem services in agricultural exploitation.