The assessment and alleviation of acute pain in sheep added to long-term consequences of routine husbandry practices are a topic of interest at scientific level. Also, there is a public concern about the welfare of farm animals during routine husbandry practices that cause pain. According to the results of the first chapter from the present thesis, sheep farmers’ pain perception was influenced by sociodemographic factors, and farmers perceived and agreed that castration and tail docking are procedures that cause severe pain to lambs. However, both husbandry practices are not carried out at an early age in lambs, mainly using knife and without using analgesics. The second chapter provided evidence that the combination of physical and social environmental enrichment may reduce the pain and stress in lambs subjected to tail docking, decreasing the time that lambs spend in abnormal postures, the frequency of active pain behaviors and those considered to reflect severe pain, eg. rolling. Also, these strategies reduced the cortisol levels of tail-docked lambs. Finally, the results of the third chapter showed that tail docking induces different degrees of inflammation in tail stumps and longterm hyperalgesia at least three months after the procedure, establishing the presence of traumatic neuroma formation as a possible source of neuropathic and chronic pain. It is concluded that tail docking induces acute and chronic pain in lambs, which have a negative impact on animal welfare. Therefore, there is a need to improve this procedure and/or evaluate whether it is really necessary to carry out tail docking in a routine way.