info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Cortical and Auditory Efferent Dynamics During Selective Attention to Visual Stimuli
Cortical and auditory efferent dynamics during selective attentión to visual stimuli
Autor
Dragicevic-Rebolledo, Constantino Danilo
Institución
Resumen
The aim of this project has narrowed around cortico-cochlear modulations under selective attention to visual stimuli. Visual and auditory tasks were performed in alternating fashion by subjects whose electroencephalogram (EEG, 32 channels) and otoacoustic emmisions were recorded continuously and simultaneously. For simplicity, only the visual task was analyzed. By considering the auditory efferent system as part of the attentional networks that initiate and sustain modulations of cochlear sensitivity, we transformed the raw microphone recording coming form the ear into a virtual channel containing only the amplitude of otoacoustic emissions (following two different approaches that yielded congruent results), treating it just like every other EEG channel, all subjected to the same analysis. Though we hypothesized that drops in cortical alpha waves during selective visual attention would serve as a mechanism that preceded the onset of a cochlear gain reduction, results showed that in our experiment, the visual task did not cause a net change in average otoacoustic emissions, from which it follows that average cochlear amplification remained essentially flat before and after visual attention. However, analysis in the frequency domain revealed novel low frequency (1-7 Hz) oscillations of cochlear amplification induced only during the visual attentional period, resembling EEG oscillatory activity in the same period. Interestingly, cochlear gain oscillations followed oscillations in EEG channels such as O2 and Cz. These oscillations were explored further through measures such as phase locking to the attentional cue and cross-channel synchrony between otoacoustic emissions channel and every other EEG channel. In addition, we also incorporated the otoacoustic emissions channel into topographical projection maps of electroencephalographic activity mainly to illustrate the capabilities of our method. We end by speculating about the physiological meaning of cochlear gain oscillations induced by selective attention to visual stimuli, in the light of ideas such as active sensing and low frequency cortical oscillations as a mechanism of sensory selection. Our results open a whole new field of research that combines oscillations in EEG, otoacoustic emissions, an the subtleties of attention.