In vivo activity of plant-based interleukin-12 in the lung of Balb/c mouse

Abstract

Objective.: This study was to establish the frequency of HPV infection and which HPV types are circulating in women with cervical cancer (CC), with squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL), and with no intraepithelial lesion (non-IL) from the State of Guerrero in Southern Mexico. Additionally, we investigated the frequency and distribution of HPV 16 intratypic variants found in this population. Methods.: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 4150 women who attended five public health centers seeking cytological screening or for gynecological complaints. Pap smears or biopsies, as appropriate, were obtained for cytological and/or histological diagnosis. HPV detection was done by MY09/11 and GP5+/GP6+ PCR systems and typing by restriction fragment length polymorphism or DNA sequencing. HPV 16 variants were also analyzed. Results.: HPV was found in 100% of CC, 83.5% in HSIL, 94.5% in LSIL, and 40.9% in non-IL. HR-HPV was the most frequent in all groups. HPV 16 was the most commonly identified HPV genotype in CC and HSIL. HPV 33 was the most frequent in LSIL and non-IL. The highest HPV prevalence was found in the youngest women, HR-HPV and HPV 16 were more frequent in women less than 25 years and more than 55 years of age. The HPV 16 variants E, AA-a and AA-c were found, AA-c was found only in CC. Conclusion.: This study contributes to the knowledge of regional prevalence of HPV types in the whole spectrum of disease, which can be useful in the application of prophylactic vaccines against HPV and in the viral screening methods. " 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.",,,,,,"10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.01.036",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/43863","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-77950187578&partnerID=40&md5=2434ffa7586c86afd3df903aebf5bdb1",,,,,,"2",,"Gynecologic Oncology",,"291

296",,"117",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Cervical cancer; Cervical cancer in Mexico; Human papillomavirus; Human papillomavirus epidemiology in Mexico; Human papillomavirus genotypes in Mexico",,,,,,"Prevalence and distribution of human papillomavirus types in cervical cancer, squamous intraepithelial lesions, and with no intraepithelial lesions in women from Southern Mexico",,"Article" "43936","123456789/35008",,"Galván Ramírez M de la, L., Centro de Docencia, Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.; Soto Mancilla, J.L., Centro de Docencia, Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.; Velasco Castrejón, O., Centro de Docencia, Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.; Pérez Medina, R., Centro de Docencia, Investigación y Diagnóstico de Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico.",,"Galvan Ramirez M de la, L.

Soto Mancilla, J.L.

Velasco Castrejon, O.

Perez Medina, R.",,"1995",,"Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite. In pregnant women on the worldwide scale, there are seroprevalences from 7% to 51.3% and in women with abnormal pregnancies and abortions the seroprevalences vary from 17.5% to 52.3%. In Mexico, seropositivity has been found to vary from 18.2% to 44.8% in women with abnormal deliveries or abortions. This study's aim was to determine the incidence of IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in women at the Gineco-Obstetrics Hospital of the Western Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute. Three hundred and fifty women with high-risk pregnancies were studied, and 122 (34.9%) were found to be IgG seropositive and 76 (20.7%) were IgM positive. In one group of women with habitual abortions there were 48 (44.9%) with the presence of IgG antibodies and 33 (33.3%) were IgM seropositive. Seropositivity was analyzed according to age, occupation, socio-economic level, eating raw or poorly cooked meat, and living with cats.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/42157","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0029385854&partnerID=40&md5=dad0fb3b07da8e9032e362a1235c06bf

http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=med3&AN=8668832",,,,,,"4",,"Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical",,"333

337",,"28",,"Scopus

MEDLINE",,,,"Index Medicus;Abortion, Habitual/ep [Epidemiology];Abortion, Habitual/im [Immunology];Adult;Animals;Antibodies, Protozoan/bl [Blood];Cats;Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay;Female;Humans;Incidence;Mexico/ep [Epidemiology];Pregnancy;Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/ep [Epidemiology];Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/im [Immunology];Prevalence;Risk Factors;Seroepidemiologic Studies;Toxoplasma/im [Immunology];Toxoplasmosis/ep [Epidemiology];Toxoplasmosis/im [Immunology];Zoonoses",,,,,,,,"Incidence of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in women with high-risk pregnancy and habitual abortions.",,"Article" "45643","123456789/35008",,"Nuño-Gutiérrez, B.L., Investigadora Asociada C, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, IMSS, Mexico, Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Av. Tonalá No 121, 45400 Tonalá Jalisco, Mexico; Alvarez-Nemegyei, J., Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, HE CMN Ignacio García Téllez, IMSS, Mexico; Madrigal-De León, E., Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, Mexico; Rasmussen-Cruz, B., Ciencias de la Salud en el Trabajo, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, IMSS, Mexico",,"Nuno-Gutierrez, B.L.

Alvarez-Nemegyei, J.

Madrigal-De Leon, E.

Rasmussen-Cruz, B.",,"2005",,"Introduction. The prevalence of tobacco use among students is apparently higher than in the general population. Several studies carried out in school population have found an increasing tendency in tobacco consumption, proportionally higher in women, which allows to identify similar consumption patterns in men and women. One of these studies estimated that the consumption frequency increases between 0.7% and 7% in three years. Nonetheless, another study points out to the fact that the Latin American and Caribbean youth population structure is an element that will favor the increase of the rate of smokers in the next years. Some of the risk factors identified are the tobacco consumption by other family members, a low perception of consumption risk, inclination towards tobacco use, to not deem the possibility of becoming a regular smoker, social tolerance, high availability and access to cigarettes, low school performance, to have friends that smoke, the search of a social image, a means of weigh control, search for a glamorous behavior, assert the transition between childhood and adulthood, the constant tobacco publicity in the media, the low supervision and the low monitoring by parents. Objective. To determine the prevalence and influence of the family and school environmental factors on tobacco use by adolescent students in Highschool No. 5 of the University of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, which has both an outstanding academic excellence and extracurricular program. Method. A cross sectional, protective, and comparative study was performed. The population survey included 3,056 students enrolled at the above mentioned highschool in the 2004 term (36% men and 64% women); of the total population surveyed, 60.5% attended the morning shift and 39.5% the evening shift, their average age was 16.1 + 1.1 years. Due to the fact the previous studies report different prevalences between men and women, the size of the sample was estimated separately. For men, for whom a tobacco use of 27% has been estimated (and expecting a maximum deviation of 5% from the population prevalence) the required sample number was 190 subjects. Regarding women, of which a 16% prevalence was estimated (and expecting a maximum deviation of 3% from the population prevalence) the required sample number was 327 subjects. The subjects were recruited by drawing lots and their selection was carried-out by an aleatory numbers table. Each selected subject was located in its corresponding classroom and shift, and was invited to participate in this survey. They were asked to give an informed consent and there was a 100% rate of acceptance. The National Addictions Survey questionnaire was used to obtain the data, which assessed the socio-demographic data, consumption once in a lifetime, age of first use, number of times of consumption in a lifetime, time of use since the first time, use in the past 12 months, consumption in the last month, and number of cigarettes smoked daily. The tobacco consumption by the mother, father, siblings, and friends, was also included. The current tobacco addiction was defined by the consumption in the last month. The use pattern was considered experimental when it referred to one to 99 instances of consumption, and regular when it referred to more than 100 instances of use. For the statistical analysis, the categorical variables were compared using the square Ji simple tests with Yates adjustment or Fisher's exact test according to requirement. The numerical variables were compared using the test for independent samples. A model of logistic regression was used to analyze the independent association of factors linked to the present consumption of tobacco use. Results. The prevalence of consumption once in a lifetime was 58.2%; in the last 12 months, 32.4%; and in the last month, 23.9% (IC of 95%: 20.4-27.6). The average age of first pathway of consumption was 13.9 years (limits 5-18). The subjects with present tobacco use were older (16.4 1.0 years of age) than the non tobacco users (16.1 1.1 years of age, p = 0.002) and they also had a lower school performance in the previous semester (81.1 6 versus 86.0 7 p < 0.0001). We did not found any difference between the prevalence of tobacco use among men (45/194; 24.7%) and women (83/353; 23.5%; p = 0.41). The assessment of the prevalence according to the consumption pattern showed that 48% of students had an experimental use, while 10% of the adolescents studied already had a regular tobacco consumption pattern. Using the univaried analysis, the presence of a regular tobacco consumption pattern had a statistical association with the performance in semesters at highschool, the tobacco use by the mother, father, siblings, and groups of friends, as well as the fact of studying in the evening shift, studying and also working, and being an irregular student. Likewise, in the case of present tobacco use, in the univaried analysis were associated the performance in semesters at highschool, studying in the evening shift, being an irregular student, studying and also working, tobacco use by the father (not the mother), siblings, and friends. After the logistic regression analysis, only studying in the evening shift, tobacco use by the father and friends, and being an irregular student kept their statistical association regarding present tobacco use. Discussion. The prevalence of tobacco consumption by adolescent students found in this survey was high in experimentation (48.2%) and regularity (10%) in view of the characteristics of the highschool where this survey was carried out. Nevertheless, this prevalence is lower than those reported on other recent surveys that were done in high school students from similar settings. One of them, the 2003 National Student's Survey found a 68.4% prevalence of tobacco use. This figure is 20% higher than the prevalence found in our study. We believe that those differences can be explained because the school where we performed our study has been awarded as an academic excellence high school. Another unexpected result was the absence of any differences in the consumption pattern in men and women, which also agree with the results of another recent study. This similarity in the behavior of men and women should be explored qualitatively. One contribution of our study is the fact that the father's use but not the mother's or siblings, has implications on adolescents consumption. Previous studies had reported the family's consumption as a risk factor, without identifying the above mentioned differences. Nonetheless, further studies regarding the influence of the father figure or image should be carried-out. Meanwhile, as a working hypothesis, we consider that the father's consumption defined attitudes of tolerance that are cognitively significant due to the cultural image of authority that he represents in the family. Even if the adolescent seeks to separate himself from family bond, and is more susceptible to the influence of the social environment, most of the family behavior has already been impressed on them. In the population studied by us, having friends that use tobacco was the most important association factor for its consumption. These findings have also been reported previously; nevertheless, the dynamics of use and their relationship with consumption should be further studied, as well as the social conceptualization attributed to friendship. The fact that studying in the evening shift was present in the unvaried analysis as well as in the logistic regression may be due to older students, lower performance and consequently, higher use probability. In short, the prevalence of tobacco use in our population of highschool adolescents was rather high, and we found no difference in the consumption pattern of men and women. The independent factors associated to tobacco use were tobacco consumption by the father and friends, as well as being in the evening shift. Finally, we consider that this study could represent the basis for: 1) Studies regarding new issues using qualitative tools in order to understand the social conceptualization concerning consumption and thus design more efficient educational actions; and 2) Having a baseline that will allow the assessment of the modification of risk factors on the decrease of tobacco consumption.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/43864","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-29944432155&partnerID=40&md5=71896c5e7209f0f0c0013684af81dd09",,,,,,"5",,"Salud Mental",,"64

70",,"28",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Adolescents; Associated factors; Drugs; Family; Prevalence; Social environment; Tobacco",,,,,,"Prevalence and factors linked to tobacco consumption by high school adolescents in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico [Prevalencia y factores asociados al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes de una preparatoria de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México]",,"Article" "43926","123456789/35008",,"Snchez-Hernndez, C., Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico; Gutiérrez-Ortega, A., Centro de Investigacian y Asistencia en Tecnologia y Diseo Del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Aguilar-León, D., Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirn, D.F. México, Mexico; Hernndez-Pando, R., Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de la Nutrición Salvador Zubirn, D.F. México, Mexico; Gómez-Lim, M., Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Irapuato, Mexico; Gómez-García, B., Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., Mexico",,"Snchez-Hernndez, C.

Gutierrez-Ortega, A.

Aguilar-Lean, D.

Hernndez-Pando, R.

Gamez-Lim, M.

Gamez-García, B.",,"2010",,"Background. In the last years, plants are being used for the production of a wide variety of biopharmaceuticals, including cytokines, and have the potential to serve as vehicles for mucosal administration of these molecules. We had previously reported the expression of a cytokine, interleukin-12 (IL-12), in transgenic tomato plants and had demonstrated that it retained its biologic activity in vitro. Findings. In this work, we administered crude extracts of IL-12-containing tomato fruits to mice through the intratracheal route, measuring endogenous IL-12 and determining biologic activity by quantification of interferon-gamma (IFN-) in lungs and by histological analysis. IFN- expression in lungs, as well as histological analysis, indicate that tomato-expressed IL-12 retains its biologic activity and, most importantly, its effects are restricted to the site of administration. Conclusion. Our results indicate that the functional activity of tomato-expressed IL-12 is comparable to that of commercial recombinant IL-12 when given via the mucosal route. This opens the possibility of using crude extracts prepared from tomatoes expressing IL-12 for certain immunotherapies. " 2010 Gutiérrez-Ortega et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.