The intriguing life of cD galaxies

Abstract

Objective To assess the available data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Latin-American countries.Design Systematic review. Searches were carried out in PubMed, ISIWeb, SCielo and Redalyc, using ?metabolic syndrome x' and ?prevalence' as keywords for titles and/or abstracts. Articles selected were cross-sectional studies in Latin-American countries, whose main objective was to study MS and whose study population is described below. MS must be determined using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Twelve studies with these criteria were selected, one of which was multi-centric.Setting Latin America.Subjects Apparently healthy subjects aged 18-65 years (including young adult, mature adult and elderly populations) of both genders.Results The general prevalence (weighted mean) of MS in Latin-American countries was 24.9 (range: 18.8-43.3) %. MS was slightly more frequent in women (25.3 %) than in men (23.2 %), and the age group with the highest prevalence of MS consisted of those over 50 years of age. The most frequent components of MS were low HDL cholesterol levels (62.9 %) and abdominal obesity (45.8 %). Similar outcomes were obtained from the multi-centre study on Latin-American populations analysed.Conclusions The present review brings us closer to an understanding of the prevalence of MS in Latin-American countries. However, it is not possible to know the full scope of the problem, partly because data from some countries are not available, and because the methodological differences among the studies published up to the present limit a joint analysis of their results. Copyright " The Authors 2011.",,,,,,"10.1017/S1368980010003320",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45242","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84855406393&partnerID=40&md5=0ba40f3143e3440abbb2fc20cdc7a05c

http://ovidsp.ovid.com/ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&CSC=Y&NEWS=N&PAGE=fulltext&D=medl&AN=21486521",,,,,,"10",,"Public Health Nutrition",,"1702

1713",,"14",,"Scopus

WOS

MEDLINE",,,,"Index Medicus;Adolescent;Adult;Aged;Cholesterol, HDL/bl [Blood];Female;Humans;Latin America/ep [Epidemiology];Life Style;Male;Metabolic Syndrome X/ep [Epidemiology];Middle Aged;Multicenter Studies as Topic;Obesity, Abdominal/ep [Epidemiology];Prevalence;Risk Factors;Young Adult",,"CVD; Latin America; Metabolic syndrome",,,,,,"The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: A systematic review",,"Review" "46992","123456789/35008",,"Robles, L.C.D., Departamento de Estudios en Educación, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Sandoval, L.O., Departamento de Estudios en Educación, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Robles, L.C.D.

Sandoval, L.O.",,"2007",,"This study examines the social devaluation of the knowledge and practice used by midwives In their work. The research is limited to historical events that took place during the 19th century in the city of Guadalajara, capital of the state of Jalisco in Mexico. The study shows how the displacement and subordination of these women were associated with the higher social status of physicians. Supported by advances in medicine and by the authority derived from the knowledge acquired through formal educational institutions, doctors started to undermine the value of empirical knowledge and subordinate it to the knowledge that came from these advances. It is shown how doctors detract from and subordinated the midwife to the scientific-employment field of medicine by using a discourse that degraded empirical knowledge and by institutionalizing training courses that tended to ignore the practical know-how of these women and replace it with knowledge derived from scientific medicine. The study is based on information from archives and scientific Journals of the time: Archivo Fondos Especiales de la Biblioteca Pública de Jalisco, Archivo Histórico de Jalisco, Archivo Histórico de la Universidad de Guadalajara, Archivo Municipal de Guadalajara and Revista Médica.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45213","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-41649085473&partnerID=40&md5=37d09ff78ce2c43e79e615dcc683f4f0",,,,,,,,"Dynamis",,"237

261",,"27",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Medicine and surgery; Midwives; Obstetrics",,,,,,"The midwives of Guadalajara (México) in the 19th century, the plundering of their art [Las parteras de Guadalajara (México) en el siglo XIX: El despojo de su arte]",,"Article" "46970","123456789/35008",,"Panduro Barón, J.G., Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara.; Guzmán Sánchez, A., Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara.; Pantoja Rojas, A., Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara.; Miranda Salcedo, J.T., Servicio de Obstetricia, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Guadalajara.",,"Panduro Baron, J.G.

Guzman Sanchez, A.

Pantoja Rojas, A.

Miranda Salcedo, J.T.",,"1993",,"In 1989 at the Hospital Civil of Guadalajara we make a study with 100 patients with a term pregnancy, initial labor and alive fetus. At all women we practiced interrogatory about subjective intensity of fetal movements, amnioscopy and cardiotocographic registry and we compare results with Apgar score of the newborns at minute and five minutes. The fetal movements were normal in 91% of which 95.7% had Apgar score > or = 7 at minute and 98.9% Apgar score > or = 8 at five minutes; clear amniotic fluid in 75% of which 94.6% had Apgar score > or = 7 at minute and 100% had Apgar > or = 8 at five minutes and 94% with normal cardiotocographic registry of which 95.7% had Apgar score > or = 7 at minute and 100% had Apgar score > or = 8 at five minutes. In the distress fetal prediction, the best method was the cardiotocography and the worse was the meconial amniotic fluid. We conclude that the subjective intensity of fetal movements are similar in the well-being fetal prediction to the amnioscopy and cardiotocography and the physicians must use it in the obstetric care.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45191","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0027585032&partnerID=40&md5=50e43937218dc0c2d64dae81948f86d7",,,,,,,,"Ginecologia y Obstetricia de Mexico",,"92

95",,"61",,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"The intensity of fetal movements vs. amnioscopy and cardiotocography in assessing fetal well-being [Intensidad de movimientos fetales vs. amnioscopia y cardiotocografía en la evaluación del bienestar fetal.]",,"Article" "47028","123456789/35008",,,"Palacios, J. J.",,"1993",,,,,,,,,,"0185-0601",,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45249",,"Español",,,,"12",,"Comercio exterior",,"1128-1138",,"43",,"CLASE",,,,,,,,"Inversiones",,"Inversión e integración regional en el Pacífico: entre los acuerdos y los procesos "naturales"","Inversión e integración regional en el Pacífico",,,"journalArticle", "46957","123456789/35008",,"Sokolowski, M.B.C., Univ. de Picardie-Jules Vernes, Amiens, France, Facultd de Philosophie, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Univ.? de Picardie-Jules Verne, Campus rue Solomon Mahlangu, 80025 Amiens Cedex 1, France; Tonneau, F., University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico; Freixa I Baquí, E., Univ. de Picardie-Jules Vernes, Amiens, France",,"Sokolowski, M.B.C.

Tonneau, F.

Freixa I Baque, E.",,"1999",,"How the distribution of resources affects the spatial distribution of animals is a central concern of behavioral ecology. One influential model relating population dynamics to individual foraging behavior is that of ideal free distribution (Fretwell & Lucas, 1970). This model assumes foragers of equal competitive abilities, moving freely from one habitat to another; the choices made by each individual subject are supposed to equalize gains across habitats. The resulting distribution at the group level, or ideal free distribution, has been tested with various animal species. Here we report an experimental test with human subjects competing for money. The results approximate those predicted by the ideal free model, the degree of approximation being consistent with that obtained in other species. This similarity of results supports the application of behavioral ecology models to human performance.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45178","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0033085025&partnerID=40&md5=8ad702af1ddd531e88520d7eb7d29239",,,,,,"1",,"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review",,"157

161",,"6",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"The ideal free distribution in humans: An experimental test",,"Article" "46976","123456789/35008",,"Kemp, S.N., Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara Av. Vallarta 2602, Col. Arcos Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Ramírez-Siordia, V.H., Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Campus Morelia, Apartado Postal 3-72, 58090, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico; Pérez-Hernández, E., Instituto de Astronomía y Meteorología, Universidad de Guadalajara Av. Vallarta 2602, Col. Arcos Vallarta, 44130, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico",,"Kemp, S.N.

Ramirez-Siordia, V.H.

Perez-Hernandez, E.",,"2012",,"cD galaxies are supergiant elliptical galaxies found generally in the central parts of rich clusters, which have an extended halo-like component (envelope) in addition to the underlying de Vaucouleurs-Sérsic elliptical galaxy-like component. This envelope can extend to radial distances of > 500 kpc (Oemler 1976, Schombert 1988). There have been many theories to explain the formation of these envelopes. These include tidal stripping, where material is stripped from neighbouring galaxies; mergers and fusions, where the envelope is built up hierarchically by successive mergers with large and small galaxies; primordial origin, where the envelope is formed at the same time as the rest of the elliptical galaxy (which appears to be related to theories of early formation of the largest galaxies); and cooling flows: in clusters with X-ray emission there is often a minimum temperature in the centre interpreted as a flow of cooling gas towards the centre of the cluster, where the gas can cool sufficiently, forming stars. The colours of the stars in the envelopes will be affected by their process of formation and subsequent evolution. " 2013 International Astronomical Union.