Transforming growth factor-β as a therapeutic target [El factor de crecimiento transformante β como blanco terapéutico]

Abstract

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family members include TGF-β, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP). These proteins are structurally related cytokines secreted in diverse Metazoans. TGF-β family members regulate cellular functions such as proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration, and play an important role in organism development. Deregulated TGF-β family signaling participates in various human pathologies including autoimmune diseases, vascular disorders, fibrotic disease, and cancer. Ligand-induced activation of TGF-β family receptors with intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity, triggers phosphorylation of the intracellular effectors of TGF-β signaling, the Smads proteins. Once these proteins are activated they translocate into the nucleus, where they induce transcription of target genes and regulate cellular processes and functions. Novel therapeutic strategies are currently being developed to correct alterations in pathologies that involve TGF-β as the main mediator.