Weight, physical activity, and smoking as determinants of insulinemia in adolescents

Abstract

A voltammetric characterization of a dental amalgam and simple solid metal amalgams and their applications for detecting low concentrations of Cu(II) ions in solution is presented. Dental amalgams display a series of oxidation peaks characteristic of the different metal phases present. A reaction between deposited copper and ?2-Sn7-8Hg phase which transforms into a ??-Cu6Sn5 phase has been proposed to explain the well defined oxidation peaks in the potential range of-0.2 to 0.1 V vs. SCE. Dental amalgams were not found suitable for detecting Cu(II) ions in solution, due to the interference between the ?2-Sn7-8Hg oxidation peak and the copper stripping peak. Instead of a dental amalgam a silver amalgam, i.e, Ag-Hg, is recommended as a better option for detecting Cu(II) ions in solution at low concentrations. It yields a well defined oxidation peaks for copper stripping without having interfering oxidation peaks for the amalgam phase oxidation. " The Electrochemical Society.",,,,,,"10.1149/1.3046668",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45705","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-70449652332&partnerID=40&md5=cfe66588dd20d4153634b7c9e1b8c863",,,,,,"1",,"ECS Transactions",,"517

526",,"15",,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"Voltammetric study of dental solid amalgams in HCl and their application for detecting Cu(II) ions in solution",,"Conference Paper" "47511","123456789/35008",,"Gatica Arreola, L.A., Universidad de Guadalajara, Mexico",,"Gatica Arreola, L.A.",,"2012",,"This paper presents a model of political competition to explore the effect that the ideological distance between two political parties has over the provision of public goods. The main result argues that the ideological distance between parties and citizens has a negative relationship with the provision of public goods. In contrast with other models, the result is explained, neither by cooperation problems nor conflict between polarized groups, but because of the political profitability of clientelistic employment.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/45732","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84862604742&partnerID=40&md5=73cd5ec509e3a7de31d21ab859364689",,,,,,"1",,"Estudios de Economia",,"27

51",,"39",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Clientelism; Government efficiency; Government employment; Polarization; Political competition",,,,,,"Why does ideological distance reduce public goods' provision?; an explanation based on clientelistic employment [¿Por que el distanciamiento ideológico disminuye la provisión de bienes públicos?; una explicación basada en el empleo clientelar]",,"Article" "47499","123456789/35008",,"Ramírez-López, G., Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica, Servicios de Salud del Adolescente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Tonalá, Jalisco, Mexico, Av. Universidad #708, Edificio B, Depto. 305, Col. Torres Santa María Ahuacatitlán, 66210 Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico; González-Villalpando, C., Unidad de Investigación Médica de Enfermedades Metabólicas, IMSS and Centro de Estudios de Diabetes, Mexico City, Mexico; Sánchez-Corona, J., Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO), IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Salmerón-Castro, J., Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica, Servicios de Salud, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico; González-Ortíz, M., Unidad de Investigación Médica en Epidemiología Clínica, IMSS, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Celis-De La Rosa, A., Instituto Regional de Investigación en Salud Pública, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Valles-Sánchez, V., Departamento de Endocrinología, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico",,"Ramirez-Lopez, G.

Gonzalez-Villalpando, C.

Sanchez-Corona, J.

Salmeron-Castro, J.

Gonzalez-Ortiz, M.

Celis-De La Rosa, A.

Valles-Sanchez, V.",,"2001",,"Background. It is known that insulinemia is the result of the interaction among several factors, such as weight, body fat pattern distribution, and physical activity as well as ethnicity. There is little information regarding this question among Mexican adolescents. The association among fasting insulin levels, weight, fat distribution, physical activity, and cigarette smoking was studied in Mexican adolescents. Methods. Cross-sectional data were collected from 352 Mexican adolescents aged 14-19 years (response rate 41.5%). Fasting insulin levels were measured by microparticle enzyme immunoassay; body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist circumference (WC) were determined using standardized techniques, while physical activity was determined by 7-day Stanford physical activity inventory. Cigarette smoking was defined as number of cigarettes/year. Results. Increased BMI and waist circumference, low physical activity, younger age, and non-smoking were associated with high insulin levels. Non-smokers had higher fasting insulin levels compared to smokers (57.8 pmol 1.84 vs. 49.7 pmol/L 2.8; p = 0.034). However, adjusted odds ratio (OR) between insulin and smoking status was not significant. Multivariate analysis showed the following: insulin increased 1.06 pmol/L for each unit of change in BMI; increased 1.02 pmol/L for each unit of change in waist circumference; increased 1.16 pmol/L for non-smoking, and decreased 1.07 pmol/L for each 250 kcal/day of energy expenditure. Conclusions. Our results support the concept that Mexican adolescents who are overweight have abdominal fat distribution and physical inactivity, and significant hyperinsulinemia. The relationship between smoking and lower insulinemia found in this research warrants further study. Copyright " 2001 IMSS.