Comparison of rinsing and sanitizing procedures for reducing bacterial pathogens on fresh cantaloupes and bell peppers

Abstract

BACKGROUND - Loss-of-function mutations in SCN5A have been associated with the Brugada syndrome. We report the first Brugada syndrome family with compound heterozygous mutations in SCN5A. The proband inherited 1 mutation from each parent and transmitted 1 to each daughter. METHODS AND RESULTS - The effects of the mutations on the function of the sodium channel were evaluated with heterologous expression in TSA201 cells, patch-clamp study, and confocal microscopy. Genetic analysis revealed that the proband carried 2 heterozygous missense mutations (P336L and I1660V) on separate alleles. He displayed a coved-type ST-segment elevation and a prolonged PR interval (280 ms). One daughter inherited P336L and exhibited a prolonged PR (210 ms). The other daughter inherited mutation I1660V and displayed a normal PR interval. Both daughters had a slightly elevated, upsloping ST-segment elevation. The parents had normal ECGs. Patch-clamp analysis showed that the P336L mutation reduced INa by 85% relative to wild type. The I1660V mutation produced little measurable current, which was rescued by room temperature incubation for 48 hours. Sodium channel blockers also rescued the I1660V current, with mexiletine proving to be the most effective. Confocal immunofluorescence showed that I1660V channels conjugated to green fluorescent protein remained trapped in intracellular organelles. CONCLUSIONS - Mutation P336L produced a reduction in cardiac INa, whereas I1660V abolished it. Only the proband carrying both mutations displayed the Brugada syndrome phenotype, whereas neither mutation alone produced the clinical phenotype. I1660V channels could be rescued pharmacologically and by incubation at room temperature. The present data highlight the role of compound heterozygosity in modulating the phenotypic expression and penetrance of Brugada syndrome. " 2006 American Heart Association, Inc.",,,,,,"10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.627489",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40264","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-33750731284&partnerID=40&md5=ea83d39951b11e466aedab197b444c99",,,,,,"19",,"Circulation",,"2026

2033",,"114",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Arrhythmia; Genetics; Ion channels",,,,,,"Compound heterozygous mutations P336L and I1660V in the human cardiac sodium channel associated with the Brugada syndrome",,"Article" "42021","123456789/35008",,"Arellano, M., Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Macromolecular Science, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States, University of Guadalajara, Mexico, Case Western Reserve University, Chemical Engineering Department, University of Guadalajara; Michel-Haciski, I., Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Macromolecular Science, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States, Ecl. Natl. Sup. de Chemie de Paris, France; Feke, D.L., Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States, Case Western Reserve University, Princeton University, Case Western Reserve, Department of Chemical Engineering, Dept. of Mat. Sci. and Engineering; Manas-Zloczower, I., Case Western Reserve University, Dept. of Macromolecular Science, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve, Polytechnic Institute of Jassy, Romania, Technion-Israel Inst. of Technology, Dept. of Chem. Eng. and Mat. Science, University of Minnesota",,"Arellano, M.

Michel-Haciski, I.

Feke, D.L.

Manas-Zloczower, I.",,"1996",,"The effect of the adsorption of an anionic surfactant (aerosol OT, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, or sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) on the dispersion behavior of some types of titanium dioxide pigments has been studied. Surfactant adsorption isotherms and the kinetics of the adsorption process were linked using a full Langmuir model. Sedimentation experiments were used to assess the dispersibility of the powders in two non-polar dispersion media (nonane and cyclohexane). Surfactant-modified powders were found to be more dispersible than the untreated powders in these non-polar media. Experiments were also performed to assess the stability of the surfactant coating to elevated temperatures and exposure to organic solvents.",,,,,,,,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40242","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0030171522&partnerID=40&md5=38bc47c004e27a3e5244e27d9ac681b6",,,,,,"857",,"Journal of Coatings Technology",,"103

112",,"68",,"Scopus",,,,,,,,,,,,"Compatibilization of titanium dioxide powders with non-polar media: Adsorption of anionic surfactants and its influence on dispersion stability",,"Article" "42010","123456789/35008",,"Alvarado-Casillas, S., Programa de Posgrado en Procesos Biotecnologicos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; Ibarra-Sánchez, S., Programa de Posgrado en Procesos Biotecnologicos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; Rodríguez-García, O., Programa de Posgrado en Procesos Biotecnologicos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; Martínez-Gonzáles, N., Programa de Posgrado en Procesos Biotecnologicos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico; Castillo, A., Programa de Posgrado en Procesos Biotecnologicos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44430, Mexico, Animal Science Department, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, United States",,"Alvarado-Casillas, S.

Ibarra-Sanchez, S.

Robriguez-García, O.

Martinez-Gonzales, N.

Castillo, A.",,"2007",,"Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables is linked to health benefits but also to an increase in the number of outbreaks of foodborne illness. To determine the effectiveness of different sanitizing treatments for reducing bacterial pathogens on fresh produce, fresh cantaloupes and bell peppers were harvested and inoculated with suspensions of Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli O157:H7. The inoculated fruits were treated with water wash alone or were washed and then waxed or rinsed with 200 mg/liter hypochlorite, 10% Ca(OH)2, or 2% lactic acid solutions applied by dipping for 15 s or spraying for 15 s. Preliminary experiments with chlorine treatments indicated that spraying with a 200, 600, or 1,000 mg/liter hypochlorite solution reduced populations of both pathogens by 2.1 to 2.6 and 1.5 to 2.1 log CFU for Salmonella Typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7, respectively. In general, no differences were observed between chlorine solutions without pH adjustment (pH 9.2) and those with pH adjusted to 6.0. When different wash regimes were applied to inoculated cantaloupes or bell peppers, water wash alone produced significantly lower counts of both pathogens on bell peppers in comparison to untreated controls. However, this reduction was not observed on cantaloupes, indicating a possible surface effect. Application of 2% L-lactic acid by spray was the treatment that resulted in the lowest bacterial counts on both cantaloupes and bell peppers. This treatment did not produce any deleterious change in the sensorial characteristics of the products tested. None of the pathogens studied was able to grow during refrigerated storage (5°C for cantaloupes and 10°C for bell peppers), although numbers close to the detection limit of the counting method were found in randomly tested individual samples at days 14 and 28 of storage, indicating that these pathogens can survive for long periods on the produce surface. These results indicate that selected produce commodities could be sanitized at the packing facility. However, these interventions should not be applied as a replacement for but only as a complement to good hygiene practices. Copyright ", International Association for Food Protection.