Copper removal from aqueous media using a cylindrical flow electrochemical reactor

Abstract

A novel nonlinear affine model for an induction motor with core loss is developed in the well-known (?, ?) stationary reference frame, where the core is represented with a resistance in parallel with a magnetization inductance. Then, an optimal rotor flux modulus is calculated such that the power loss due to stator, rotor, and core resistances is minimized, and as a consequence, the motor efficiency is raised; therefore, this flux modulus is forced to be tracked by the induction motor along with a desired rotor velocity by means of a high-order sliding-mode controller, the supertwisting algorithm. Using a novel Lyapunov function, the closed-loop stability of the system is demonstrated. Moreover, a classical sliding-mode observer is designed for the estimation of unmeasurable variables like rotor fluxes and magnetization currents. For the load torque, a Luenberger observer is designed. The performance of the proposed controller is finally studied by simulation and experimental tests. It was observed that the steady-state optimal flux signal corresponds to the load torque profile. This fact suggests that the flux demand is the necessary one to produce the electric torque that can cancel out the load torque. " 2012 IEEE.",,,,,,"10.1109/TIE.2011.2171170",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/40372","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84857431748&partnerID=40&md5=3f137fe1503ca5b2a0a5e5a64a2e4c21",,,,,,"7",,"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics",,"2877

2889",,"59",,"Scopus",,,,,,"Induction motors; magnetic losses; variable structure systems",,,,,,"Copper and core loss minimization for induction motors using high-order sliding-mode control",,"Article" "42152","123456789/35008",,"Carreon-Alvarez, A., Chemistry Engineering Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico; Rodriguez-Arreola, A., Chemistry Engineering Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico; Guitrón-Robles, O., Chemistry Department, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico; Gómez-Salazar, S., Chemistry Engineering Department, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico; Barcena-Soto, M., Chemistry Department, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico; Casillas, N., Chemistry Department, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Marcelino García Barragán #1451, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México, CP 44430, Mexico",,"Carreon-Alvarez, A.

Rodriguez-Arreola, A.

Guitron-Robles, O.

Gomez-Salazar, S.

Barcena-Soto, M.

Casillas, N.",,"2009",,"The construction and application of an electrochemical cylindrical flow reactor packed with copper wires, was used to eliminate Cu2+ ions from dilute aqueous CuSO4 solutions. The cathode of reactor was constructed with a series copper wire cylindrical hanks, piled up one on top of the other. The anode consisted of a graphite road electrode surrounded with a drilled PVC tube wrapped with Celgard that serves to separate both the cathode and anode electrodes. Current and potential are supplied by an external power source. Results for Cu2+ ion concentration profile for dilute aqueous solutions applying an 8 V potential and a 0.17 cm3/s flow are reported. Copper removal efficiency ranges from 35 to 70% for all the samples examined. The experimental concentration profile fits an exponential decay along the axial reactor coordinate, in agreement with the theory for porous tubular flow reactors. A decrease in both solution conductivity and pH due to the reduction of copper ion concentration and water oxidation was observed. "The Electrochemical Society.