Evaluación de un proyecto de inversión de supermanzana en el Municipio de Querétaro, Querétaro

Abstract

RESUMEN: La presente investigación aborda el problema sobre como un proyecto de inversión es un proceso de asignación de recursos para satisfacer necesidades bajo el cumplimento de objetivos y metas precisos. En el caso de estudio del proyecto de Supermanzana, se analizan los factores socioeconómicos y geomorfológicos para determinar si es rentable o no realizar una inversión de tal magnitud. A través de un diagnóstico de las características físicas de la zona de estudio se determina que tan viable o no es geomorfológicamente hablando la construcción de viviendas o el desarrollo urbano en la zona. A su vez se analizan y estudian aspectos socioeconómicos, como lo son la capacidad económica de la población, el sector económico al que pertenecen y las edades predominantes que habitan en la zona, con la finalidad de obtener el flujo de efectivo de la población y con esto determinar el valor de la vivienda que se quiere ofrecer. Obtenidos los resultados del diagnóstico, los cuales arrojaron el predio más apto y con el menor riesgo de vulnerabilidad, se procede a evaluar la zona, mediante un estudio de mercado, que no es más que identificar el costo de la vivienda y terrenos de la zona de estudio para obtener una media que sirva como base para el proyecto de inversión de Supermanzana. Los resultados esperados del estudio de mercado denotaron que la capacidad económica de la zona es nivel residencial, por lo que se procedió a desarrollar una tipología de vivienda para el Proyecto de Inversión e Supermanzana que se adecue a las necesidades de este estrato de población. Una vez desarrollado el diseño de Supermanzana considerando criterios de diseño Urbano de Arquitectos como, Jean Bazant y García Ramos, se procedió a matematizar el proyecto, para tener definidas las densidades de vivienda, áreas verdes, centro urbano, y lotificación para poder realizar la corrida financiera. Para ello se realizó una consulta de costos paramétricos obtenidos de diferentes instituciones como la Cámara Mexicana de la Industria de la Construcción (CMIC), y poder asignar el costo por partida y así desarrollar la corrida financiera. Los resultados esperados superaron las expectativas iniciales ya que se pudo lograr una rentabilidad del 71% y una utilidad del 77.76%. En conclusión, gracias al diagnóstico y evaluación de aspectos geomorfológicos y socioeconómicos realizados en la zona de estudio, se logró desarrollar un proyecto de Inversión de Supermanzana en el municipio de Querétaro, obteniendo dividendos positivos, rentabilidad inmejorable, pero sobre todo se tiene la seguridad de que la Supermanzana es una opción viable y sin vulnerabilidad de riesgo que mejora la calidad de vida de los habitantes que la habiten, ofreciendo movilidad, imagen urbana, seguridad e intensidad. ABSTRACT: This research addresses the problem of how an investment project is a process of allocating resources to meet needs under the fulfillment of precise objectives and goals. In the case of the Supermanzana project study, socioeconomic and geomorphological factors were analyzed to determine whether it is profitable or not to make an investment of such magnitude. Through a diagnosis of the physical characteristics of the study area, it is determined how viable or not geomorphologically speaking the construction of houses or urban development in the area. At the same time, socioeconomic aspects are analyzed and studied, such as the economic capacity of the population, the economic sector to which they belong and the predominant ages that inhabit the area, in order to obtain the cash flow of the population and with This will determine the value of the home you want to offer. Obtained the results of the diagnosis, which yielded the most suitable property and with the lowest risk of vulnerability, we proceed to evaluate the area, through a market study, which is nothing more than identifying the cost of housing and land in the area of study to obtain an average that serves as the basis for the Supermanzana investment project. The expected results of the market study showed that the economic capacity of the area is residential level, so we proceeded to develop a housing typology for the Supermanzana Investment Project that meets the needs of this population stratum. Once the Supermanzana design was developed considering criteria of Urban Design by Architects such as Jean Bazant and Garcia Ramos, the project was mathematized, to have defined the densities of housing, green areas, urban center, and lotification to run the run financial. This research addresses the problem of how an investment project is a process of allocating resources to meet needs under the fulfillment of precise objectives and goals. In the case of the Supermanzana project study, socioeconomic and geomorphological factors were analyzed to determine whether it is profitable or not to make an investment of such magnitude. Through a diagnosis of the physical characteristics of the study area, it is determined how viable or not geomorphologically speaking the construction of houses or urban development in the area. At the same time, socioeconomic aspects are analyzed and studied, such as the economic capacity of the population, the economic sector to which they belong and the predominant ages that inhabit the area, in order to obtain the cash flow of the population and with This will determine the value of the home you want to offer. Obtained the results of the diagnosis, which yielded the most suitable property and with the lowest risk of vulnerability, we proceed to evaluate the area, through a market study, which is nothing more than identifying the cost of housing and land in the area of study to obtain an average that serves as the basis for the Supermanzana investment project. The expected results of the market study showed that the economic capacity of the area is residential level, so we proceeded to develop a housing typology for the Supermanzana Investment Project that meets the needs of this population stratum. Once the Supermanzana design was developed considering criteria of Urban Design by Architects such as Jean Bazant and Garcia Ramos, the project was mathematized, to have defined the densities of housing, green areas, urban center, and lotification to run the run financial. For this, a query of parametric costs obtained from different institutions such as the Mexican Chamber of the Construction Industry (CMIC) was carried out, and to allocate the cost per item and thus develop the financial run. The expected results exceeded the initial expectations since a profitability of 71% and a profit of 77.76% could be achieved. In conclusion, thanks to the diagnosis and evaluation of geomorphological and socioeconomic aspects carried out in the study area, it was possible to develop a Supermanzana Investment project in the municipality of Querétaro, obtaining positive dividends, unbeatable profitability, but above all you have the security of that the Super Apple is a viable option without risk vulnerability that improves the quality of life of the inhabitants who inhabit it, offering mobility, urban image, security and intensity.