info:ar-repo/semantics/artículo
Water table contribution to alfalfa water use in different environments of the Argentine Pampas
Fecha
2002Autor
Dardanelli, Julio Luis
Collino, Daniel
Resumen
In the Argentine Pampas, although the water table is considered an important source of water supply for the alfalfa crop, it has not been previously quantified.The goal of this study was to estimate the water table contribution to alfalfa water use in several environments, using an indirect method derived from water use efficiency determinations. Data sets were obtained from experiments conducted for four growing seasons at four locations: Anguil, Rafaela, General Villegas and Manfredi. Water table contribution was estimated considering the crop water use efficiency and the water use from the upper layers (rainfall supplied). Capillary contribution from the water table was assumed, if the dry matter/water use from the upper layers ratio was higher than a given water use efficiency threshold. When present, the water table contribution varied among locations between 15 and 25% of the crop water use, and was not related to the groundwater depth. A pooled exponential relationship between the seasonal water table contribution and seasonal effective rainfall was determined. En la Región Pampeana Argentina, se considera a la capa freática como una importante fuente de agua para la alfalfa, aún cuando su aporte no fue previamente cuantificado. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la contribución de la napa freática al consumo de la alfalfa en diferentes ambientes, usando un método indirecto que utiliza mediciones de la eficiencia en el uso del agua. Los datos fueron obtenidos de cuatro años de experimentos, en cuatro localidades: Anguil,Rafaela, General Villegas y Manfredi. La contribución de la capa freática fue estimada considerando la eficiencia en el uso del agua del cultivo, y el consumo de agua de las capas superiores de suelo, (recarga dependiente de lluvias). Se asumió una contribución de la capa freática al consumo del cultivo cuando la relación materia seca/consumo de agua de las capas superiores de suelo superó un valor umbral de eficiencia en el uso del agua. Este aporte varió entre localidades,entre 15 y 25% del agua consumida por el cultivo, y no estuvo relacionado con la profundidad de la capa freática. Se estableció una relación exponencial entre la contribución estacional de la capa freática y la precipitación efectiva estacional.
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