The aim of this study was to determine the population risk factors affecting bovine herds in the X Region of Chile in order to obtain a brucellosis free status. A matched case-control study was designed according to the size of the herd and univariate and multivariate statistical tests were applied as well as epidemiological tests. The best results obtained from the control and eradication program were achieved by herds presenting less than 17% of the initial prevalence levels and in which positive animals were immediately eliminated from the herd.  El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar los factores de riesgo poblacionales que afectan a los rebaños bovinos de la X Región de Chile para obtener la condición de predio libre de brucelosis. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y controles pareado de acuerdo al tamaño del rebaño, realizándose análisis estadísticos univariados y multivariados, así como test epidemiológicos. Los mejores resultados en el programa de control y erradicación se logran con rebaños que presentan una prevalencia inicial menor al 17% y que eliminan inmediatamente los animales positivos.