Novas cultivares de batatas-doces (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.): potencial nutricional, composição de bioativos, propriedades antioxidantes e análise digital de imagem

Abstract

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam.) is largely cultivated and greatly consumed as part of the regular diet, mainly in Asian continent, that is it’s the major producer. This tuber crop is rich in nutrient and energy source. Thus, some cultivars have bioactive compounds such as anthocyanins, carotenoids and polyphenols, which have antioxidant activity and can be beneficial to the body maintenance. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyze the biometric, physical chemistry, quantification of bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and analyze digital image analysis of new sweet potato cultivars to do a comparative with their colour and physical chemistry composition. We received from Epagri-EEI/SC samples of sweet potato tuber roots named SCS370 Luiza, SCS371 Katiy, SCS372 Marina, Beauregard, Uruguaia and Americana being that cultivars analyzed in natura and lyophilized condition from batch one (LT1) and batch two (LT2). All analyses were performed in triplicate to water activity, titratable acidity, humidity, ashes, protein, lipids, vitamin C, total and reducers carbohydrates, total phenolic, flavonoids, anthocyanins and carotenoids, antioxidant activity (ABTS+ and FRAP), colour by coordinates CIE L*a*b*, CIE L*C*h° and XYZ, and digital images that was obtained by digital camera and processed with exclusive developed software to analyze that images. Mineral composition evaluation of Cu (Copper), Fe (Iron), Zn (Zinc), Mn (Manganese), Na (Sodium), K (Potassium), Ca (Calcium), Mg (Magnesium), P (Phosphorus), Co (Cobalt), Cd (Cadmium), Cr (Cromium), Pb (Lead) was performed by once. Another set of characteristics was evaluated by Infra-Red Spectroscopy with Fourier Transformed, X Rays Diffractometry, Thermogravimetric Analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy. The sweet potato colour results from different coordinates (L*, a*, b*; C*, h°, X, Y, Z) showed be influenced by cultivar intrinsic properties but the standard results establish sample uniformities to different batches. Comparison between colour coordinates and digital images colour channels (RGB, XYZ, LUV, HSV, HLS) showed to be possible to establish a correlation between the lyophilized samples and they digital images. Sweet potatoes humidity quantification showed high value to cultivar (cv.) Uruguaia LT2 (83.93±0.04 %) in natura and lyophilized cv. Americana LT2 (3.27±0.15 %). The cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 in natura (0.94±00) showed the highest value to water activity, and all lyophilized samples showed low value as 0.15. Titratable acidity values ranges for in natura samples by 2.77±0.08 % (cv. Beauregard LT1) to 1.51±0.07 % (cv. SCS371 Katiy LT2), and 1.86±0.09 % (cv. Americana LT2) to 0.52±0.07 % (cv. SCS371 Katiy LT1) for lyophilized samples. Ashes content showed variation for in natura samples by 1.19±0.04 % (cv. SCS370 Luiza LT1) to 0.04%±0.00 % (cv. SCS372 Marina LT2), but lyophilized samples showed highest ashes values then in natura. Protein content ranges by 2.80±0.18 % (cv. Americana LT2) to 0.49±0.21 % (cv. SCS371 Katiy LT1) for in natura samples, and 8.20±0.09 % (cv. Americana LT2) to 3.14±0.57 % (cv. SCS370 Luiza LT1) for lyophilized samples. Sweet potatoes cultivars exhibited low values to total lipids and their values do not shows statistical variation. Total carbohydrates composition ranges between 32.85±0.07 % (cv. SCS372 Marina LT2) 11 and 16.99±0.044 % (cv. SCS371 Katiy LT1). The vitamin C content was highest to cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 (57.17±4.32 %) and lowest to cv. SCS372 Marina LT1 (17.00±1.00 %) for in natura samples, but cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 (69.78±2.20 %) shows the highest value for lyophilized samples. All sweet potatoes cultivars showed great content for the evaluated minerals with emphasis for the macrominerals content of cv. Beauregard LT1 and SCS370 Luiza LT1. The bioactive compound shows high variation between sweet potatoes cultivars. The phenolic highest values was observed to cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 (3311.10±57.17 mg GAE.100g-1), and the lowest value was cv. Americana LT2 (102.62±1.22 mg GAE.100g-1), and those same samples showed the highest (148.45±1.31 mg CE.100g-1, cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2) and lowest (2.18±0.10 mgCE.100g-1, cv. Americana) total flavonoid composition. The total anthocyanins composition showed again highest value to cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 (155.30±6.48 mg.100g-1) and lowest value to cv. SCS372 Marina LT2 (1.28±1.24 mg.100g-1). Total carotenoids result ranges by 34.04±0.66 mg.100g-1 (cv. Beauregard LT1) to 0.63±0.06 mg.100g-1 (cv.SCS371 Katiy LT2). The sweet potatoes antioxidant activity was great and the results by ABTS+ test ranges by 466.85±1.96 mM Trolox.100g-1 (cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2) to 128.26±4.40 mM Trolox.100g-1 (cv. SCS372 Marina LT1). By the FRAP teste, the highest antioxidant activity was again observed to cv. SCS370 Luiza LT2 (734.19±63.09 mM FeSO4.100g-1), and the lowest antioxidant activity was cv. Beauregard LT1 (18.42±1.28 mM FeSO4.100g-1). The X Rays diffractometry analysis enabled an attempt to assign the lyophilized sampled crystallinity that was considered by Type A and Type B. The infrared spectroscopy analyses showed similarity to the functional groups when compared the sweet potato samples among different batches. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates the sample thermal resistance. The electron microscopy scanning shows the lamella structure, blocks, and granular geometrical structure in the samples. Having in mind the results obtained, it is possible to support the new cultivars of sweet potatoes have an economic and nutritional added value, as they become an alternative of cultivation for small farmers, increasing their availability in the retail trade, as well as their use as industrial feedstock.