Entanglement enhancement for two spins assisted by two phase kicks

Abstract

Background.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common cause of nosocomial infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of this study was to characterize P. aeruginosa clinical isolates by comparing antimicrobial susceptibility patterns with the presence of plasmids and to establish the clonal relatedness by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing. Methods. The patients included those with isolation of P. aeruginosa hospitalized for more than 48 h in the ICU from April to May 1998. Environmental and staff cultures were obtained simultaneously. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, plasmid DNA profiles, and PFGE genomic patterns of enzyme restriction chromosomal DNA were compared. Results. Sixty P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from 197 clinical specimens, 178 environmental samples, and 47 hand cultures of personnel. Antimicrobial resistance was as follows: tobramycin 100%; ticarcillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and gentamicin 80%; cefepime 60%; amikacin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, imipenem, and meropenem 40%; piperacillin and norfloxacin 20%; carbenicillin 12%, and ciprofloxacin 0%. Plasmids were detected in 11 isolates (18%). PFGE typing showed that 23 isolates belonged to a common clone (pattern A), identified from five patients, two nurses, and 10 environmental samples. Ten isolates were grouped in four clusters and 27 isolates had unrelated genomic patterns. There was no relationship among DNA genomic patterns, plasmid profiles, and susceptibility patterns. Conclusions. PFGE demonstrated the existence of a common clone in a critical care area. Reinforcement of infection control measures is needed to avoid horizontal transmission and severe infections. Copyright " 2001 IMSS.",,,,,,"10.1016/S0188-4409(01)00267-3",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41261","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0034981240&partnerID=40&md5=b1c9d05e0380724563de18282e321139",,,,,,"3",,"Archives of Medical Research",,"238

242",,"32",,"Scopus

WOS",,,,,,"Intensive care units; PFGE typing; Pseudomonas aeruginosa",,,,,,"Epidemiologic study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critical patients and reservoirs",,"Article" "43020","123456789/35008",,"Burlak, G., Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico; Sainz, I., Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guadalajara, Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44420, Mexico; Klimov, A.B., Departamento de Física, Universidad de Guadalajara, Revolución 1500, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44420, Mexico

Klimov, Andrei B., Universidad de Guadalajara. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías",,"Burlak, G.

Sainz, I.

Klimov, Andrei B.",,"2009",,"We study the entanglement dynamics in a two-spin system governed by a bilinear Hamiltonian and assisted by phase kicks. It is found that the application of instant kicks to both spins at some specific moments leads to enhancement of entanglement. This procedure also improves the transient character of entanglement leading, for large spins, to a formation of a plateau for the I concurrence. We have numerically investigated the spin-spin dynamics for several values of spins and observed a substantial enhancement of entanglement in comparison to the evolution without kicks. " 2009 The American Physical Society.