Article
Frequency and behavior of salmonella and escherichia coli on whole and sliced jalapeño and serrano peppers
Fecha
2013Autor
Valencia-Botin, A.J.
Jeffers, S.N.
Palmer, C.L.
Buck, J.W.
Institución
Resumen
Gladiolus rust, caused by Uromyces transversalis, is a quarantinesignificant pathogen in the United States. However, the fungus is endemic to commercial gladiolus-producing areas in Mexico and has been intercepted frequently on gladiolus plants entering the United States for the cut-flower market. The present study assessed 15 fungicide active ingredients (five quinone outside inhibitors: azoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin; six triazoles: cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, myclobutanil, propiconazole, and tebuconazole; three succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors: boscalid, flutolanil, and oxycarboxin; and one broad-spectrum protectant: chlorothalonil) and one plant activator, acibenzolar-S-methyl, applied alone, in combinations, and in various rotations for efficacy against U. transversalis on field-grown gladiolus plants in Mexico. Experiments were conducted in 2010, 2011, and 2012 in commercial fields in Atlixco and Santa Isabel Cholula in Puebla and Cuautla and Tlayacapan in Morelos. Fungicides were applied at 2-week intervals starting when plants had three full leaves. Disease severity was recorded each week for at least 7 weeks after the first application. Under high disease pressure in 2010, fungicides were less effective than in 2011 and 2012, when disease pressure was not as high. In all 3 years, most fungicide treatments significantly reduced disease severity. Triazoles were more effective than quinone outside inhibitors when applied as individual products in 2010, and combinations of two fungicides in different mode-of-action groups were more effective than fungicides applied individually in 2011. In 2012, rotations of fungicides, either with individual products or with combinations of two products, provided excellent rust management. Reducing disease development by U. transversalis on commercial gladiolus plants in Mexico will reduce the potential for introducing this pathogen on cut flowers into the United States. " 2013 The American Phytopathological Society.",,,,,,"10.1094/PDIS-03-13-0272-RE",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41634","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84885439680&partnerID=40&md5=c22c18ae5d42a9e893886ada7c390aa4",,,,,,"11",,"Plant Disease",,"1491 1496",,"97",,"Scopus WOS",,,,,,,,,,,,"Fungicides used alone, in combinations, and in rotations for managing gladiolus rust in Mexico",,"Article"
"43375","123456789/35008",,"Castro-Rosas, J., Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro Universitario, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, C.P. 42183, Mexico; Gómez-Aldapa, C.A., Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro Universitario, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, C.P. 42183, Mexico; Acevedo-Sandoval, O.A., Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad km 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico; Ramírez, C.A.G., Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro Universitario, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, C.P. 42183, Mexico; Villagomez-Ibarra, J.R., Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Centro Universitario, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo km 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma, Hidalgo, C.P. 42183, Mexico; Hernández, N.C., Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Rancho Universitario, Universidad Autónoma Del Estado de Hidalgo, Avenida Universidad km 1, Ex Hacienda Aquetzalpa, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, Mexico; Villarruel-López, A., Laboratorio de Microbiolo??a Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería?as, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico; Torres-Vitela, M.D.R., Laboratorio de Microbiolo??a Sanitaria, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería?as, Universidad de Guadalajara, Marcelino García Barragán 1451, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico",,"Castro-Rosas, J. Gomez-Aldapa, C.A. Acevedo-Sandoval, O.A. Ramirez, C.A.G. Villagomez-Ibarra, J.R. Hernandez, N.C. Villarruel-Lopez, A. Torres-Vitela, M.D.R.",,"2011",,"The frequencies of coliform bacteria (CB), thermotolerant coliforms (TC), Escherichia coli, and Salmonella were determined for jalapeño and serrano peppers. In addition, the behavior of four serotypes of Salmonella and three E. coli strains on whole and sliced jalapeño and serrano peppers as well as in blended sauce at 25 2°C and 3 to 5°C was investigated. Chili peppers were collected from markets in the city of Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico. CB, TC, E. coli, and Salmonella were detected on serrano peppers in 100, 90, 50, and 10% of the samples, and on jalapeño peppers in 100, 86, 32, and 12% of the samples. Concentrations of CB ranged from 3.8 to 7.9 log CFU per serrano sample and from 5.3 to 8.2 log CFU per jalapeño sample, whereas concentrations of TC and E. coli were between <3 and 1,100 most probable number per serrano and jalapeño samples. On whole serrano and jalapeño peppers stored at 25 2°C and 3 to 5°C, no growth was observed for rifampin-resistant strains of Salmonella and E. coli. After 6 days at 25 2°C, the tested Salmonella serotypes and E. coli strains had decreased from an initial inoculum level of 5 log CFU to 1 and 2.5 log on serrano and jalapeño peppers, respectively, and at 3 to 5°C they decreased to approximately 1.8 and 1.2 log, respectively, on serrano and jalapeño. Both the Salmonella serotypes and E. coli grew on sliced chili peppers and in blended sauce; after 24 h at 25 2°C, both bacteria types had grown to approximately 4 and 5 log CFU on pepper slices and in sauce, respectively. At 3 to 5°C the bacterial growth was inhibited. Copyright " International Association for Food Protection.