Partos de mulheres com malária: estudo retrospectivo no Hospital da Mulher Mãe Luzia no Amapá

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is a disease that remains within the parasitic diseases of greater impact in the populations of the world, due to the extensive geographic distribution of its etiological agent. It is infectious and systemic, non-contagious, with manifestations of acute character and of chronic evolution, with high prevalence and morbidity. Caused by a protozoan of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted to humans by the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Anopheles, it usually produces: fever, chills and sweating. Depending on the infecting plasmodium, malaria differs in severity, complications, prognosis and treatment. Pregnant women are vulnerable to endemics because their immune status changes during pregnancy, making them more susceptible to changes in the course of pregnancy, increasing the risk of complicated forms of the disease such as: severe anemia, maternal death, miscarriage, childbirth premature, low birth weight and restricted intrauterine growth. Objective: To describe the characterization of preterm births in pregnant women with malaria, attended at the Mãe Luzia Women's Hospital.Method: This study used the descriptive epidemiological method of a series of cases, with retrospective data collection from the secondary source from the period of 2012 to 2016, obtained from the Medical and Statistical Archive Service of the Mãe Luzia Women's Hospital, in the city of Macapá. Results: In the historical series, from 2012 to 2016, 95 deliveries of pregnant women with malaria were registered. The year 2013 was the year with the highest number of cases recorded in the historical series (25 cases) and 2006 the year with the lowest number (11 cases). Preterm births accounted for about 20% of all cases of pregnant women with malaria in the period under analysis, varying from 30% in 2012 to 9% in 2016. Throughout the analyzed period, the profile of women found was 22, 8 years, complete primary education and multiparous gestation. The Vivax species was present in 33% of the cases and the most adopted model was the vaginal route. Final considerations: It can be affirmed that there was a progressive decrease in the number of records of malaria cases in pregnant women, when compared with previous studies conducted in the last decade of the study, which can be explained as a consequence of the malaria control policy in pregnant women implemented in 2006 by the Ministry of Health in the states of the Legal Amazon