Relación de la fuerza, potencia y composición corporal con el rendimiento deportivo en nadadores jóvenes de la Región Metropolitana de Chile

Abstract

Explosive force and power stand out among the multiple variables that condition performance in swimming tests, both being reliable predictors of swimmers' speed. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of force, power, and anthropometric variables with the shortest performance time in young swimmers. The sample consisted of 27 swimmers from Santiago de Chile, 14 male (51.9%) and 13 female (48.1%) with ages between 13 and 21 years old. The anthropometric data were obtained with the ISAK protocol, using a digital scale Tanita model HD 357 and the Rosscraft Centurion kit. To measure the jump height, the contact platform DmJump (R) was used. Force was measured through press bench, horizontal press, and pull down, using the one maximum repetition method. Finally, measurement of manual grip force was carried out with a digital dynamometer baseline (R). The results show that the times obtained in 50 meters of free swimming have inverse relationships with four anthropometric variables, with the height of the Abalakov Jump and with four force tests. The 50, 100 and 200-meter breaststroke tests only correlate with hand grip force. The combined 200-meter test is associated with five anthropometric variables, jump height in CMJ, and the five force tests. In future research, a greater number of athletes should be evaluated, with higher age ranges and different training times and types, which could help better understand the influence of these variables on sports performance.