Through a reflective, exploratory, interpretive and interdisciplinary exercise, we seek to identify the characteristics of the advancement of the modern / colonial gender system in wall mapu or mapuche territory and particularly its implications on the role and position of women. To do this, historical sources from a long-term colonial period are reviewed, including the Spanish colonization and the installation of the both chilean and argentine nation-states, which are complemented by a reading of contemporary writings by Mapuche poets and narrators. Our assumption is that this long period of coloniality has influenced the configuration of intra and intercultural relations in mapuche and chilean territory, which are reconstructed and re-signified by mapuche writers, based on their memories and family and community testimonies, from the zomo kimmun mapunche. The main conclusion of this essay is that through the historical reconstruction of the role and position of women in the long colonial period, it is possible to glimpse processes of resistance and resurgence that are sustained to this day, that are not reducible to the categorical logic imposed by the modern colonial gender system, and that can also be traced in the contemporary literature of Mapuche writers and poets.