Lineamientos generales para el diseño de una política pública de industrias 4.0, a partir de la revisión de la experiencia nacional e internacional

Abstract

This text is the result of a joint effort between the National Planning Department and the Universidad del Rosario for constructing recommendations for the construction of a CONPES document that defines the development path of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in Colombia. The document is divided into four chapters: Conceptual Framework, Diagnosis, International Experiences and Policy Recommendations. Based on a definition of Industry 4.0 based on its applications in industrial production, the diagnosis showed that, although Colombia has an infrastructure, human capital, conditions to innovate and an initial regulatory development that facilitates the development of new technologies, these conditions do not they are translated into innovation processes. Likewise, based on international experiences and the results of the diagnosis, it is concluded that Colombia must advance in four fundamental aspects in order to structure the public policy of Industry 4.0. In the first place, coordination between the different State entities must be improved in order to optimize the efforts made within the framework of the public policy of Industry 4.0. The pioneering States in the development of policies aimed at the promotion of new technologies have one thing in common: their interventions are transversal and part of a broader policy that encourages innovation. Second, creating programs that encourage the use and generation of 4.0 technologies to position Colombia as a producer of these technologies is a priority for the country. To achieve this, the process of prioritizing technologies must be coordinated by the State, must be led by companies. To this end, Colombia should promote communication between companies and universities, focusing on the development of SME capabilities. Third, Colombia should focus on the training and relocation of existing human capital. New technologies will generate new jobs, while making others obsolete. The Colombian State must coordinate with the companies the labor required for their training, prepare the new workforce in STEM careers and deepen the development of soft skills that are not replaceable by new technologies. Finally, Colombia must continue to improve its normative and connectivity infrastructure. The State should strive to facilitate the development of 4.0 technologies, by improving the country's connectivity and regulatory conditions that attract investment in technologies, protect intellectual property rights and relax data protection regulations without undermining the defense to the consumer.