Enfoque de capacidades e inequidad espacial: un estudio de accesibilidad y pobreza multidimensional en la ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

This work addresses issues of equity and mobility by studying the spatial relationships between accessibility and multidimensional poverty in Bogotá. The methodology operationalizes the Capability Approach, originally proposed by Amartya Sen (1985). On the one hand, it calculates the accessibility-as-capability concept to understand the ability of Bogota citizens to access certain destinations. This approach is developed by counting employment, education and health opportunities with different time thresholds, in various modes of transport and including other elements of the Capability Approach as conversion factors of personal and environmental characteristics as controls. On the other hand, the data analysis includes the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to explain certain relevant capacities for the population. Global and Local Spatial Autocorrelation Indices were used to establish spatial and non-spatial relationships between capabilities captured by the MPI and accessibility at the block level. The regression results show significantly negative associations between multidimensional poverty and accessibility-as- capability. When spatializing the coefficients, blocks in Usme and Ciudad Bolívar urban districts, especially the sectors of Mirador, Bella Flor, Alpes Sur and Mochuelo present high deprivations in the ability to access employment opportunities, health and education as in those captured by the MPI. On the other hand, the planning zones of Teusaquillo, Galerías and Chapinero show low deprivation in both capacity measurements. The few block that exhibit just one of the two deprivations presented above provide arguments to support the theories of social exclusion and deprivation of capabilities, both caused by low accessibilities, explained by Lucas (2012) and Vecchio and Martens (2021) respectively. Based on these findings, this research recommends to the local government to focus actions on the areas with the greatest deprivation in each dimension, paying greater attention to the measures of counting opportunities in the Mobility Master Plan and strengthening the transport network through the construction of cables to Diana Turbay and Arabia, in Usme and Ciudad Bolívar.