Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

dc.creatorOng, Kanyin Liane
dc.creatorStafford, Lauryn K.
dc.creatorMcLaughlin, Susan A.
dc.creatorBoyko, Edward J.
dc.creatorVollset, Stein Emil
dc.creatorSmith, Amanda E.
dc.creatorDalton, Bronte E.
dc.creatorDuprey, Joe
dc.creatorCruz, Jessica A.
dc.creatorHagins, Hailey
dc.creatorLindstedt, Paulina A.
dc.creatorAali, Amirali
dc.creatorAbate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis
dc.creatorAbate, Melsew Dagne
dc.creatorAbbasian, Mohammadreza
dc.creatorAbbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab
dc.creatorAbbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen
dc.creatorElHafeez, Samar Abd
dc.creatorAbd-Rabu, Rami
dc.creatorAbdulah, Deldar Morad
dc.creatorAbdullah, Abu Yousuf Md
dc.creatorAbedi, Vida
dc.creatorAbidi, Hassan
dc.creatorAboagye, Richard Gyan
dc.creatorAbolhassani, Hassan
dc.creatorAbu-Gharbieh, Eman
dc.creatorAbu-Zaid, Ahmed
dc.creatorAdane, Tigist Demssew
dc.creatorAdane, Denberu Eshetie
dc.creatorAddo, Isaac Yeboah
dc.creatorAdegboye, Oyelola A.
dc.creatorAdekanmbi, Victor
dc.creatorAdepoju, Abiola Victor
dc.creatorAdnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
dc.creatorAfolabi, Rotimi Felix
dc.creatorAgarwal, Gina
dc.creatorAghdam, Zahra Babaei
dc.creatorAgudelo-Botero, Marcela
dc.creatorArriagada, Constanza Elizabeth Aguilera
dc.creatorAgyemang-Duah, Williams
dc.creatorAhinkorah, Bright Opoku
dc.creatorAhmad, Danish
dc.creatorAhmad, Rizwan
dc.creatorAhmad, Sajjad
dc.creatorAhmad, Aqeel
dc.creatorAhmadi, Ali
dc.creatorAhmadi, Keivan
dc.creatorAhmed, Ayman
dc.creatorAhmed, Ali
dc.creatorAhmed, Luai A.
dc.creatorAhmed, Syed Anees
dc.creatorAjami, Marjan
dc.creatorAkinyemi, Rufus Olusola
dc.creatorAl Hamad, Hanadi
dc.creatorAl Hasan, Syed Mahfuz
dc.creatorAL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali
dc.creatorAlalwan, Tariq A.
dc.creatorAl-Aly, Ziyad
dc.creatorAlBataineh, Mohammad T.
dc.creatorAlcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth
dc.creatorAlemi, Sharifullah
dc.creatorAli, Hassam
dc.creatorAlinia, Tahereh
dc.creatorAljunid, Syed Mohamed
dc.creatorAlmustanyir, Sami
dc.creatorAl-Raddadi, Rajaa M.
dc.creatorAlvis-Guzman, Nelson
dc.creatorAmare, Firehiwot
dc.creatorAmeyaw, Edward Kwabena
dc.creatorAmiri, Sohrab
dc.creatorAmusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi
dc.creatorAndrei, Catalina Liliana
dc.creatorAnjana, Ranjit Mohan
dc.creatorAnsar, Adnan
dc.creatorAnsari, Golnoosh
dc.creatorAnsari-Moghaddam, Alireza
dc.creatorAnyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward
dc.creatorArabloo, Jalal
dc.creatorAravkin, Aleksandr Y.
dc.creatorAreda, Demelash
dc.creatorArifin, Hidayat
dc.creatorArkew, Mesay
dc.creatorArmocida, Benedetta
dc.creatorArnlov, Johan
dc.creatorArtamonov, Anton A.
dc.creatorArulappan, Judie
dc.creatorAruleba, Raphael Taiwo
dc.creatorArumugam, Ashokan
dc.creatorAryan, Zahra
dc.creatorAsemu, Mulu Tiruneh
dc.creatorAsghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad
dc.creatorAskari, Elaheh
dc.creatorAsmelash, Daniel
dc.creatorAstell-Burt, Thomas
dc.creatorAthar, Mohammad
dc.creatorAthari, Seyyed Shamsadin
dc.creatorAtout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi
dc.creatorAvila-Burgos, Leticia
dc.creatorAwaisu, Ahmed
dc.creatorAzadnajafabad, Sina
dc.creatorDarshan, B.B.
dc.creatorBabamohamadi, Hassan
dc.creatorBadar, Muhammad
dc.creatorBadawi, Alaa
dc.creatorBadiye, Ashish D.
dc.creatorBaghcheghi, Nayereh
dc.creatorBagheri, Nasser
dc.creatorBagherieh, Sara
dc.creatorBah, Sulaiman
dc.creatorBahadory, Saeed
dc.creatorBai, Ruhai
dc.creatorBaig, Atif Amin
dc.creatorBaltatu, Ovidiu Constantin
dc.creatorBaradaran, Hamid Reza
dc.creatorBarchitta, Martina
dc.creatorBardhan, Mainak
dc.creatorBarengo, Noel C.
dc.creatorBarnighausen, Till Winfried
dc.creatorBarone, Mark Thomaz Ugliara
dc.creatorBarone-Adesi, Francesco
dc.creatorBarrow, Amadou
dc.creatorBashiri, Hamideh
dc.creatorBasiru, Afisu
dc.creatorBasu, Sanjay
dc.creatorBasu, Saurav
dc.creatorBatiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad
dc.creatorBatra, Kavita
dc.creatorBayih, Mulat Tirfie
dc.creatorBayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew
dc.creatorBehnoush, Amir Hossein
dc.creatorBekele, Alehegn Bekele
dc.creatorBelete, Melaku Ashagrie
dc.creatorBelgaumi, Uzma Iqbal
dc.creatorBelo, Luis
dc.creatorBennett, Derrick A.
dc.creatorBensenor, Isabela M.
dc.creatorBerhe, Kidanemaryam
dc.creatorBerhie, Alemshet Yirga
dc.creatorBhaskar, Sonu
dc.creatorBhat, Ajay Nagesh
dc.creatorBhatti, Jasvinder Singh
dc.creatorBikbov, Boris
dc.creatorBilal, Faiq
dc.creatorBintoro, Bagas Suryo
dc.creatorBitaraf, Saeid
dc.creatorBitra, Veera R.
dc.creatorBjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
dc.creatorBodolica, Virginia
dc.creatorBoloor, Archith
dc.creatorBrauer, Michael
dc.creatorBrazo-Sayavera, Javier
dc.creatorBrenner, Hermann
dc.creatorButt, Zahid A.
dc.creatorCalina, Daniela
dc.creatorCampos, Luciana Aparecida
dc.creatorCampos-Nonato, Ismael R.
dc.creatorCao, Yin
dc.creatorCao, Chao
dc.creatorCar, Josip
dc.creatorCarvalho, Marcia
dc.creatorCastaneda-Orjuela, Carlos A.
dc.creatorCatala-Lopez, Ferran
dc.creatorCerin, Ester
dc.creatorChadwick, Joshua
dc.creatorChandrasekar, Eeshwar K.
dc.creatorChanie, Gashaw Sisay
dc.creatorCharan, Jaykaran
dc.creatorChattu, Vijay Kumar
dc.creatorChauhan, Kirti
dc.creatorCheema, Huzaifa Ahmad
dc.creatorAbebe, Endeshaw Chekol
dc.creatorChen, Simiao
dc.creatorCherbuin, Nicolas
dc.creatorChichagi, Fatemeh
dc.creatorChidambaram, Saravana Babu
dc.creatorCho, William C. S.
dc.creatorChoudhari, Sonali Gajanan
dc.creatorChowdhury, Rajiv
dc.creatorChowdhury, Enayet Karim
dc.creatorChu, Dinh-Toi
dc.creatorChukwu, Isaac Sunday
dc.creatorChung, Sheng-Chia
dc.creatorCoberly, Kaleb
dc.creatorColumbus, Alyssa
dc.creatorContreras, Daniela
dc.creatorCousin, Ewerton
dc.creatorCriqui, Michael H.
dc.creatorCruz-Martins, Natalia
dc.creatorCuschieri, Sarah
dc.creatorDabo, Bashir
dc.creatorDadras, Omid
dc.creatorDai, Xiaochen
dc.creatorDamasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura
dc.creatorDandona, Rakhi
dc.creatorDandona, Lalit
dc.creatorDas, Saswati
dc.creatorDascalu, Ana Maria
dc.creatorDash, Nihar Ranjan
dc.creatorDashti, Mohsen
dc.creatorDavila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto
dc.creatorDe la Cruz-Gongora, Vanessa
dc.creatorDebele, Gebiso Roba
dc.creatorDelpasand, Kourosh
dc.creatorDemisse, Fitsum Wolde
dc.creatorDemissie, Getu Debalkie
dc.creatorDeng, Xinlei
dc.creatorDenova-Gutierrez, Edgar
dc.creatorDeo, Salil V.
dc.creatorDervišević, Emina
dc.creatorDesai, Hardik Dineshbhai
dc.creatorDesale, Aragaw Tesfaw
dc.creatorDessie, Anteneh Mengist
dc.creatorDesta, Fikreab
dc.creatorDewan, Syed Masudur Rahman
dc.creatorDey, Sourav
dc.creatorDhama, Kuldeep
dc.creatorDhimal, Meghnath
dc.creatorDiao, Nancy
dc.creatorDiaz, Daniel
dc.creatorDinu, Monica
dc.creatorDiress, Mengistie
dc.creatorDjalalinia, Shirin
dc.creatorDoan, Linh Phuong
dc.creatorDongarwar, Deepa
dc.creatordos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter
dc.creatorDuncan, Bruce B.
dc.creatorDutta, Siddhartha
dc.creatorDziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian
dc.creatorEdinur, Hisham Atan
dc.creatorEkholuenetale, Michael
dc.creatorEkundayo, Temitope Cyrus
dc.creatorElgendy, Islam Y.
dc.creatorElhadi, Muhammed
dc.creatorEl-Huneidi, Waseem
dc.creatorElmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou
dc.creatorElmonem, Mohamed A.
dc.creatorEndeshaw, Destaw
dc.creatorEsayas, Hawi Leul
dc.creatorEshetu, Habitu Birhan
dc.creatorEtaee, Farshid
dc.creatorFadhil, Ibtihal
dc.creatorFagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis
dc.creatorFahim, Ayesha
dc.creatorFalahi, Shahab
dc.creatorFaris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud
dc.creatorFarrokhpour, Hossein
dc.creatorFarzadfar, Farshad
dc.creatorFatehizadeh, Ali
dc.creatorFazli, Ghazal
dc.creatorFeng, Xiaoqi
dc.creatorFerede, Tomas Y.
dc.creatorFischer, Florian
dc.creatorFlood, David
dc.creatorForouhari, Ali
dc.creatorForoumadi, Roham
dc.creatorKoudehi, Masoumeh Foroutan
dc.creatorGaidhane, Abhay Motiramji
dc.creatorGaihre, Santosh
dc.creatorGaipov, Abduzhappar
dc.creatorGalali, Yaseen
dc.creatorGanesan, Balasankar
dc.creatorGarcia-Gordillo, M.A.
dc.creatorGautam, Rupesh K.
dc.creatorGebrehiwot, Mesfin
dc.creatorGebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos
dc.creatorGebremeskel, Teferi Gebru
dc.creatorGetacher, Lemma
dc.creatorGhadirian, Fataneh
dc.creatorGhamari, Seyyed-Hadi
dc.creatorNour, Mohammad Ghasemi
dc.creatorGhassemi, Fariba
dc.creatorGolechha, Mahaveer
dc.creatorGoleij, Pouya
dc.creatorGolinelli, Davide
dc.creatorGopalani, Sameer Vali
dc.creatorGuadie, Habtamu Alganeh
dc.creatorGuan, Shi-Yang
dc.creatorGudayu, Temesgen Worku
dc.creatorGuimaraes, Rafael Alves
dc.creatorGuled, Rashid Abdi
dc.creatorGupta, Rajeev
dc.creatorGupta, Kartik
dc.creatorGupta, Veer Bala
dc.creatorGupta, Vivek Kumar
dc.creatorGyawali, Bishal
dc.creatorHaddadi, Rasool
dc.creatorHadi, Najah R.
dc.creatorHaile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher
dc.creatorHajibeygi, Ramtin
dc.creatorHaj-Mirzaian, Arvin
dc.creatorHalwani, Rabih
dc.creatorHamidi, Samer
dc.creatorHankey, Graeme J.
dc.creatorHannan, Md Abdul
dc.creatorHaque, Shafiul
dc.creatorHarandi, Hamid
dc.creatorHarlianto, Netanja I.
dc.creatorMahmudul Hasan, S.M.
dc.creatorHasan, Syed Shahzad
dc.creatorHasani, Hamidreza
dc.creatorHassanipour, Soheil
dc.creatorHassen, Mohammed Bheser
dc.creatorHaubold, Johannes
dc.creatorHayat, Khezar
dc.creatorHeidari, Golnaz
dc.creatorHeidari, Mohammad
dc.creatorHessami, Kamran
dc.creatorHiraike, Yuta
dc.creatorHolla, Ramesh
dc.creatorHossain, Sahadat
dc.creatorHossain, Md Shakhaoat
dc.creatorHosseini, Mohammad-Salar
dc.creatorHosseinzadeh, Mehdi
dc.creatorHosseinzadeh, Hassan
dc.creatorHuang, Junjie
dc.creatorHuda, Md Nazmul
dc.creatorHussain, Salman
dc.creatorHuynh, Hong-Han
dc.creatorHwang, Bing-Fang
dc.creatorIbitoye, Segun Emmanuel
dc.creatorIkeda, Nayu
dc.creatorIlic, Irena M.
dc.creatorIlic, Milena D.
dc.creatorInbaraj, Leeberk Raja
dc.creatorIqbal, Afrin
dc.creatorIslam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
dc.creatorIslam, Rakibul M.
dc.creatorIsmail, Nahlah Elkudssiah
dc.creatorIso, Hiroyasu
dc.creatorIsola, Gaetano
dc.creatorItumalla, Ramaiah
dc.creatorIwagami, Masao
dc.creatorIwu, Chidozie C. D.
dc.creatorIyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi
dc.creatorIyasu, Assefa N.
dc.creatorJacob, Louis
dc.creatorJafarzadeh, Abdollah
dc.creatorJahrami, Haitham
dc.creatorJain, Rajesh
dc.creatorJaja, Chinwe
dc.creatorJamalpoor, Zahra
dc.creatorJamshidi, Elham
dc.creatorJanakiraman, Balamurugan
dc.creatorJayanna, Krishnamurthy
dc.creatorJayapal, Sathish Kumar
dc.creatorJayaram, Shubha
dc.creatorJayawardena, Ranil
dc.creatorJebai, Rime
dc.creatorJeong, Wonjeong
dc.creatorJin, Yinzi
dc.creatorJokar, Mohammad
dc.creatorJonas, Jost B.
dc.creatorJoseph, Nitin
dc.creatorJoseph, Abel
dc.creatorJoshua, Charity Ehimwenma
dc.creatorJoukar, Farahnaz
dc.creatorJozwiak, Jacek Jerzy
dc.creatorKaambwa, Billingsley
dc.creatorKabir, Ali
dc.creatorKabthymer, Robel Hussen
dc.creatorKadashetti, Vidya
dc.creatorKahe, Farima
dc.creatorKalhor, Rohollah
dc.creatorKandel, Himal
dc.creatorKaranth, Shama D.
dc.creatorKaraye, Ibraheem M.
dc.creatorKarkhah, Samad
dc.creatorKatoto, Patrick D. M. C.
dc.creatorKaur, Navjot
dc.creatorKazemian, Sina
dc.creatorKebede, Sewnet Adem
dc.creatorKhader, Yousef Saleh
dc.creatorKhajuria, Himanshu
dc.creatorKhalaji, Amirmohammad
dc.creatorKhan, Moien A. B.
dc.creatorKhan, Maseer
dc.creatorKhan, Ajmal
dc.creatorKhanal, Saval
dc.creatorKhatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad
dc.creatorKhater, Amir M.
dc.creatorKhateri, Sorour
dc.creatorKhorashadizadeh, Fatemeh
dc.creatorKhubchandani, Jagdish
dc.creatorKibret, Biruk Getahun
dc.creatorKim, Min Seo
dc.creatorKimokoti, Ruth W.
dc.creatorKisa, Adnan
dc.creatorKivimaki, Mika
dc.creatorKolahi, Ali-Asghar
dc.creatorKomaki, Somayeh
dc.creatorKompani, Farzad
dc.creatorKoohestani, Hamid Reza
dc.creatorKorzh, Oleksii
dc.creatorKostev, Karel
dc.creatorKothari, Nikhil
dc.creatorKoyanagi, Ai
dc.creatorKrishan, Kewal
dc.creatorKrishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj
dc.creatorDefo, Barthelemy Kuate
dc.creatorKuddus, Mohammed
dc.creatorKuddus, Md Abdul
dc.creatorKumar, Rakesh
dc.creatorKumar, Harish
dc.creatorKundu, Satyajit
dc.creatorKurniasari, Maria Dyah
dc.creatorKuttikkattu, Ambily
dc.creatorVecchia, Carlo La
dc.creatorLallukka, Tea
dc.creatorLarijani, Bagher
dc.creatorLarsson, Anders O.
dc.creatorLatief, Kamaluddin
dc.creatorLawal, Basira Kankia
dc.creatorLe, Thao Thi Thu
dc.creatorLe, Trang Thi Bich
dc.creatorLee, Shaun Wen Huey
dc.creatorLee, Munjae
dc.creatorLee, Wei-Chen
dc.creatorLee, Paul H.
dc.creatorLee, Sang-Woong
dc.creatorLee, Seung Won
dc.creatorLegesse, Samson Mideksa
dc.creatorLenzi, Jacopo
dc.creatorLi, Yongze
dc.creatorLi, Ming-Chieh
dc.creatorLim, Stephen S.
dc.creatorLim, Lee-Ling
dc.creatorLiu, Xuefeng
dc.creatorLiu, Chaojie
dc.creatorLo, Chun-Han
dc.creatorLopes, Graciliana
dc.creatorLorkowski, Stefan
dc.creatorLozano, Rafael
dc.creatorLucchetti, Giancarlo
dc.creatorMaghazachi, Azzam A.
dc.creatorMahasha, Phetole Walter
dc.creatorMahjoub, Soleiman
dc.creatorMahmoud, Mansour Adam
dc.creatorMahmoudi, Razzagh
dc.creatorMahmoudimanesh, Marzieh
dc.creatorMai, Anh Tuan
dc.creatorMajeed, Azeem
dc.creatorSanaye, Pantea Majma
dc.creatorMakris, Konstantinos Christos
dc.creatorMalhotra, Kashish
dc.creatorMalik, Ahmad Azam
dc.creatorMalik, Iram
dc.creatorMallhi, Tauqeer Hussain
dc.creatorMalta, Deborah Carvalho
dc.creatorMamun, Abdullah A.
dc.creatorMansouri, Borhan
dc.creatorMarateb, Hamid Reza
dc.creatorMardi, Parham
dc.creatorMartini, Santi
dc.creatorMartorell, Miquel
dc.creatorMarzo, Roy Rillera
dc.creatorMasoudi, Reza
dc.creatorMasoudi, Sahar
dc.creatorMathews, Elezebeth
dc.creatorMaugeri, Andrea
dc.creatorMazzaglia, Giampiero
dc.creatorMekonnen, Teferi
dc.creatorMeshkat, Mahboobeh
dc.creatorMestrovic, Tomislav
dc.creatorJonasson, Junmei Miao
dc.creatorMiazgowski, Tomasz
dc.creatorMichalek, Irmina Maria
dc.creatorMinh, Le Huu Nhat
dc.creatorMini, G.K.
dc.creatorMiranda, J. Jaime
dc.creatorMirfakhraie, Reza
dc.creatorMirrakhimov, Erkin M.
dc.creatorMirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad
dc.creatorMisganaw, Awoke
dc.creatorMisgina, Kebede Haile
dc.creatorMishra, Manish
dc.creatorMoazen, Babak
dc.creatorMohamed, Nouh Saad
dc.creatorMohammadi, Esmaeil
dc.creatorMohammadi, Mohsen
dc.creatorMohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah
dc.creatorMohammadshahi, Marita
dc.creatorMohseni, Alireza
dc.creatorMojiri-Forushani, Hoda
dc.creatorMokdad, Ali H.
dc.creatorMomtazmanesh, Sara
dc.creatorMonasta, Lorenzo
dc.creatorMoniruzzaman, Md
dc.creatorMons, Ute
dc.creatorMontazeri, Fateme
dc.creatorGhalibaf, AmirAli Moodi
dc.creatorMoradi, Yousef
dc.creatorMoradi, Maryam
dc.creatorSarabi, Mostafa Moradi
dc.creatorMorovatdar, Negar
dc.creatorMorrison, Shane Douglas
dc.creatorMorze, Jakub
dc.creatorMossialos, Elias
dc.creatorMostafavi, Ebrahim
dc.creatorMueller, Ulrich Otto
dc.creatorMulita, Francesk
dc.creatorMulita, Admir
dc.creatorMurillo-Zamora, Efren
dc.creatorMusa, Kamarul Imran
dc.creatorMwita, Julius C.
dc.creatorNagaraju, Shankar Prasad
dc.creatorNaghavi, Mohsen
dc.creatorNainu, Firzan
dc.creatorNair, Tapas Sadasivan
dc.creatorNajmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid
dc.creatorNangia, Vinay
dc.creatorNargus, Shumaila
dc.creatorNaser, Abdallah Y.
dc.creatorNassereldine, Hasan
dc.creatorNatto, Zuhair S.
dc.creatorNauman, Javaid
dc.creatorNayak, Biswa Prakash
dc.creatorNdejjo, Rawlance
dc.creatorNegash, Hadush
dc.creatorNegoi, Ruxandra Irina
dc.creatorNguyen, Hau Thi Hien
dc.creatorNguyen, Dang H.
dc.creatorNguyen, Phat Tuan
dc.creatorNguyen, Van Thanh
dc.creatorNguyen, Hien Quang
dc.creatorNiazi, Robina Khan
dc.creatorNigatu, Yeshambel T.
dc.creatorNingrum, Dina Nur Anggraini
dc.creatorNizam, Muhammad A.
dc.creatorNnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles
dc.creatorNoreen, Mamoona
dc.creatorNoubiap, Jean Jacques
dc.creatorNzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet
dc.creatorNzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe
dc.creatorOancea, Bogdan
dc.creatorOdogwu, Nkechi Martina
dc.creatorOdukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade
dc.creatorOjha, Vivek Anand
dc.creatorOkati-Aliabad, Hassan
dc.creatorOkekunle, Akinkunmi Paul
dc.creatorOkonji, Osaretin Christabel
dc.creatorOkwute, Patrick Godwin
dc.creatorOlufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa
dc.creatorOnwujekwe, Obinna E.
dc.creatorOrdak, Michal
dc.creatorOrtiz, Alberto
dc.creatorOsuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
dc.creatorOulhaj, Abderrahim
dc.creatorOwolabi, Mayowa O.
dc.creatorPadron-Monedero, Alicia
dc.creatorPadubidri, Jagadish Rao
dc.creatorPalladino, Raffaele
dc.creatorPanagiotakos, Demosthenes
dc.creatorPanda-Jonas, Songhomitra
dc.creatorPandey, Ashok
dc.creatorPandey, Anamika
dc.creatorPandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.
dc.creatorStoian, Anca Mihaela Pantea
dc.creatorPardhan, Shahina
dc.creatorParekh, Tarang
dc.creatorParekh, Utsav
dc.creatorPasovic, Maja
dc.creatorPatel, Jay
dc.creatorPatel, Jenil R.
dc.creatorPaudel, Uttam
dc.creatorPepito, Veincent Christian Filipino
dc.creatorPereira, Marcos
dc.creatorPerico, Norberto
dc.creatorPerna, Simone
dc.creatorPetcu, Ionela-Roxana
dc.creatorPetermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily
dc.creatorPodder, Vivek
dc.creatorPostma, Maarten J.
dc.creatorPourali, Ghazaleh
dc.creatorPourtaheri, Naeimeh
dc.creatorPrates, Elton Junio Sady
dc.creatorQadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd
dc.creatorQattea, Ibrahim
dc.creatorRaee, Pourya
dc.creatorRafique, Ibrar
dc.creatorRahimi, Mehran
dc.creatorRahimifard, Mahban
dc.creatorRahimi-Movaghar, Vafa
dc.creatorRahman, Md Obaidur
dc.creatorRahman, Muhammad Aziz
dc.creatorRahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur
dc.creatorRahman, Mosiur
dc.creatorRahman, Md Mosfequr
dc.creatorRahmani, Mohamed
dc.creatorRahmani, Shayan
dc.creatorRahmanian, Vahid
dc.creatorRahmawaty, Setyaningrum
dc.creatorRahnavard, Niloufar
dc.creatorRajbhandari, Bibek
dc.creatorRam, Pradhum
dc.creatorRamazanu, Sheena
dc.creatorRana, Juwel
dc.creatorRancic, Nemanja
dc.creatorRanjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz
dc.creatorRao, Chythra R.
dc.creatorRapaka, Deepthi
dc.creatorRasali, Drona Prakash
dc.creatorRashedi, Sina
dc.creatorRashedi, Vahid
dc.creatorRashid, Ahmed Mustafa
dc.creatorRashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi
dc.creatorRatan, Zubair Ahmed
dc.creatorRawaf, Salman
dc.creatorRawal, Lal
dc.creatorRedwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed
dc.creatorRemuzzi, Giuseppe
dc.creatorRengasamy, Kannan R. R.
dc.creatorRenzaho, Andre M. N.
dc.creatorReyes, Luis Felipe
dc.creatorRezaei, Nima
dc.creatorRezaei, Nazila
dc.creatorRezaeian, Mohsen
dc.creatorRezazadeh, Hossein
dc.creatorRiahi, Seyed Mohammad
dc.creatorRias, Yohanes Andy
dc.creatorRiaz, Muhammad
dc.creatorRibeiro, Daniela
dc.creatorRodrigues, Monica
dc.creatorRodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia
dc.creatorRoever, Leonardo
dc.creatorRohloff, Peter
dc.creatorRoshandel, Gholamreza
dc.creatorRoustazadeh, Abazar
dc.creatorRwegerera, Godfrey M.
dc.creatorSaad, Aly M. A.
dc.creatorSaber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed
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dc.creatorSaddik, Basema
dc.creatorSadeghi, Erfan
dc.creatorSaeed, Umar
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dc.creatorSafi, Sher Zaman
dc.creatorSaghazadeh, Amene
dc.creatorSharif-Askari, Narjes Saheb
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dc.creatorSaif-Ur-Rahman, K.M.
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dc.creatorSaleh, Mohamed A.
dc.creatorSalehi, Mohammad Amin
dc.creatorSalomon, Joshua A.
dc.creatorSanabria, Juan
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dc.creatorSanmarchi, Francesco
dc.creatorSantric-Milicevic, Milena M.
dc.creatorSarasmita, Made Ary
dc.creatorSargazi, Saman
dc.creatorSathian, Brijesh
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dc.creatorSawhney, Monika
dc.creatorSchlaich, Markus P.
dc.creatorSchmidt, Maria Ines
dc.creatorSchuermans, Art
dc.creatorSeidu, Abdul-Aziz
dc.creatorKumar, Nachimuthu Senthil
dc.creatorSepanlou, Sadaf G.
dc.creatorSethi, Yashendra
dc.creatorSeylani, Allen
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dc.creatorWagaye, Birhanu
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dc.creatorWang, Yanqing
dc.creatorWang, Cong
dc.creatorWang, Fang
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dc.creatorWei, Melissa Y. Wei
dc.creatorWeldemariam, Abrha Hailay
dc.creatorWesterman, Ronny
dc.creatorWickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana
dc.creatorWu, YiFan
dc.creatorWulandari, Ratna D. W. I.
dc.creatorXia, Juan
dc.creatorXiao, Hong
dc.creatorXu, Suowen
dc.creatorXu, Xiaoyue
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dc.creatorYang, Lin
dc.creatorYatsuya, Hiroshi
dc.creatorYesiltepe, Metin
dc.creatorYi, Siyan
dc.creatorYohannis, Hunachew Kibret
dc.creatorYonemoto, Naohiro
dc.creatorYou, Yuyi
dc.creatorZaman, Sojib Bin
dc.creatorZamora, Nelson
dc.creatorZare, Iman
dc.creatorZarea, Kourosh
dc.creatorZarrintan, Armin
dc.creatorZastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich
dc.creatorZeru, Naod Gebrekrstos
dc.creatorZhang, Zhi-Jiang
dc.creatorZhong, Chenwen
dc.creatorZhou, Jingjing
dc.creatorZielińska, Magdalena
dc.creatorZikarg, Yossef Teshome
dc.creatorZodpey, Sanjay
dc.creatorZoladl, Mohammad
dc.creatorZou, Zhiyong
dc.creatorZumla, Alimuddin
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dc.date2024-04-12T06:26:10Z
dc.date2024-04-12T06:26:10Z
dc.date2023
dc.date.accessioned2024-07-17T21:12:08Z
dc.date.available2024-07-17T21:12:08Z
dc.identifier10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6
dc.identifier01406736
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12728/11179
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/9509226
dc.descriptionBackground: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050. Methods: Estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden were computed in 204 countries and territories, across 25 age groups, for males and females separately and combined; these estimates comprised lost years of healthy life, measured in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; defined as the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]). We used the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) approach to estimate deaths due to diabetes, incorporating 25 666 location-years of data from vital registration and verbal autopsy reports in separate total (including both type 1 and type 2 diabetes) and type-specific models. Other forms of diabetes, including gestational and monogenic diabetes, were not explicitly modelled. Total and type 1 diabetes prevalence was estimated by use of a Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, to analyse 1527 location-years of data from the scientific literature, survey microdata, and insurance claims; type 2 diabetes estimates were computed by subtracting type 1 diabetes from total estimates. Mortality and prevalence estimates, along with standard life expectancy and disability weights, were used to calculate YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs. When appropriate, we extrapolated estimates to a hypothetical population with a standardised age structure to allow comparison in populations with different age structures. We used the comparative risk assessment framework to estimate the risk-attributable type 2 diabetes burden for 16 risk factors falling under risk categories including environmental and occupational factors, tobacco use, high alcohol use, high body-mass index (BMI), dietary factors, and low physical activity. Using a regression framework, we forecast type 1 and type 2 diabetes prevalence through 2050 with Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and high BMI as predictors, respectively. Findings: In 2021, there were 529 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 500–564) people living with diabetes worldwide, and the global age-standardised total diabetes prevalence was 6·1% (5·8–6·5). At the super-region level, the highest age-standardised rates were observed in north Africa and the Middle East (9·3% [8·7–9·9]) and, at the regional level, in Oceania (12·3% [11·5–13·0]). Nationally, Qatar had the world's highest age-specific prevalence of diabetes, at 76·1% (73·1–79·5) in individuals aged 75–79 years. Total diabetes prevalence—especially among older adults—primarily reflects type 2 diabetes, which in 2021 accounted for 96·0% (95·1–96·8) of diabetes cases and 95·4% (94·9–95·9) of diabetes DALYs worldwide. In 2021, 52·2% (25·5–71·8) of global type 2 diabetes DALYs were attributable to high BMI. The contribution of high BMI to type 2 diabetes DALYs rose by 24·3% (18·5–30·4) worldwide between 1990 and 2021. By 2050, more than 1·31 billion (1·22–1·39) people are projected to have diabetes, with expected age-standardised total diabetes prevalence rates greater than 10% in two super-regions: 16·8% (16·1–17·6) in north Africa and the Middle East and 11·3% (10·8–11·9) in Latin America and Caribbean. By 2050, 89 (43·6%) of 204 countries and territories will have an age-standardised rate greater than 10%. Interpretation: Diabetes remains a substantial public health issue. Type 2 diabetes, which makes up the bulk of diabetes cases, is largely preventable and, in some cases, potentially reversible if identified and managed early in the disease course. However, all evidence indicates that diabetes prevalence is increasing worldwide, primarily due to a rise in obesity caused by multiple factors. Preventing and controlling type 2 diabetes remains an ongoing challenge. It is essential to better understand disparities in risk factor profiles and diabetes burden across populations, to inform strategies to successfully control diabetes risk factors within the context of multiple and complex drivers. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
dc.descriptionDepartment of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, DBT; KACSAT; Ministry of Business and Knowledge, (2020 BP 00261); Health and Nutrition, (175042); King Abdulaziz University, KAU; International Center of Medical Sciences Research, (44000); University of Sydney, USYD; University Hospital Essen; National Heart Foundation of Australia, (102597); Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology, KIAT; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG; Science and Technology Development Fund, STDF; California Department of Fish and Game, DFG, (FU 356/12-2); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Marga und Walter Boll-Stiftung; Fonds de recherche du Québec - Santé, China Scholarship Council; Ministry of Education, MOE; Academy of Finland, AKA, (350426); Den Sociale Fond; International Medical University, IMU; Ateneo de Manila University; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, (01EA1808A); Ministero della Salute, (34/2017); McGill University, MGU; The Wellcome Trust DBT India Alliance, WTDBT India Alliance, (IA/CPHE/17/1/503345); Public Health Agency of Canada, PHAC; Australian Government Research Training Program; Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, (21GLD008); National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, NIBIO; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NHLBI, (K23HL157766, CENTRO-04-3559-FSE-000162); University of Aberdeen, ABDN; Department of Sport and Recreation, Government of Western Australia, DSR; RTP; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq, (304224/2022-7); Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, ASRT; Australian Research Council, ARC, (FT220100857); Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, UCIBIO, (LA/P/0140/2020); European Commission, EC; King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, KACST; Anima Institute; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020, (EDCTP-RIA2016E-1609); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais, FAPEMIG; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT, (UIDB/04084/2020); Pan African Network for Rapid Research; Department of Environmental Health Engineering of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, (72204112); Universidad de La Sabana; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; National Institute on Aging, NIA, (R01AG062553); Central University of Kerala, CUK; Taibah University; Jazan University; Wellcome Trust, WT, (R024227, 221854/Z/20/Z); Chandigarh University, CU; Fuel Cell Technologies Program, FCT, (UIDB/04378/2020, UIDP/04378/2020); Mecanismo para la Recuperación y la Resiliencia; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC; US-Egypt Science & Technology joint Fund; National Science and Technology Council, NSTC, (NSTC 111-2410-H-003-100-SSS); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, (RD21/0005/0001); Office of the Secretary of Transportation, OST; Università ta' Malta, UM; Preparedness for Infectious Diseases Epidemics Consortium; European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership, EDCTP; National Heart Foundation of Australia; Beatriu de Pinós; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, BMGF; German National Cohort Study; Institute for Health Technology Assessment, (465518/2014-1); Medical Research Council, MRC; Nassau University Medical Centers and Cleveland Clinic Foundation; National Health and Medical Research Council, NHMRC; Scientific Employment Stimulus, (CEECIND/01768/2021); Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine; Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia, MOHE, (FRGS/1/2020/STG03/USM/03/5); Heart Foundation, THF; Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, MAHE; MRR; JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, JSS AHER; University Grants Commission, UGC; Institute of Applied Health Sciences; PANDORA-ID-NET; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR, (2011-2023); Taipei Medical University for Doctoral Education; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, MOTIE, (P0017805); Ministry of Science, and Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia, (451-03-47/2023-01/200111); China Medical University, Taiwan, CMU, (CMU111-MF-55); University of New South Wales, Australia; Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College; Belgian American Educational Foundation, BAEF; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health; National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF, (NRF-2021R1I1A4A01057428); Deanship of Scientific Research at Shaqra University; Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formatapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier B.V.
dc.titleGlobal, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
dc.typeArticle


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