| dc.description | The study of adipose tissue has received considerable attention due to its importance not
just in maintaining body energy homeostasis but also in playing a role in a number of other physio logical processes. Beyond storing energy, adipose tissue is important in endocrine, immunological,
and neuromodulatory functions, secreting hormones that participate in the regulation of energy
homeostasis. An imbalance of these functions will generate structural and functional changes in the
adipose tissue, favoring the secretion of deleterious adipocytokines that induce a pro-inflammatory
state, allowing the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and even some types of
cancer. A common theme worldwide has been the development of professional guidelines for the
control and treatment of obesity, with emphasis on hypocaloric diets and exercise. The aim of this
review is to examine the pathophysiological mechanisms of obesity, considering the relationship
among adipose tissue and two aspects that contribute positively or negatively to keeping a healthy
body homeostasis, namely, exercise and noninfectious diseases. We conclude that the relationship
of these aspects does not have homogeneous effects among individuals. Nevertheless, it is possible
to establish some common mechanisms, like a decrease in pro-inflammatory markers in the case
of exercise, and an increase in chronic inflammation in non-communicable diseases. An accurate
diagnosis might consider the particular variables of a patient, namely their molecular profile and
how it affects its metabolism, routines, and lifestyle; their underling health conditions; and probably
even the constitution of their microbiome. We foresee that the development and accessibility of omics
approaches and precision medicine will greatly improve the diagnosis, treatment, and successful
outcomes for obese patients. | |
