Catastrophe zones by hydro-meteorological events in Chile and contributions for a climate risk index

Abstract

It is estimated that changes in global weather patterns and natural dynamics can cause a high incidence of extreme events, and therefore increase risk levels. In this study, we review the major climatic and hydrometeorological disasters that have affected Chile between 1984 and 2013, based on ordinances that establish catastrophe zones (Law 16.282) for natural events such as, rainstorms, drought, frost, snowstorms, floods, and mass movements, caused by extreme temperature and rainfall. Information on exposure, vulnerability and resilience is integrated into a climate risk index at the municipal level. Based on the municipal results for Chile, those areas with increased climate risks are located along the central coast. We conclude that it is necessary to consider an adaptive rather than reactive approach to risk management, especially when coping with threats due to climate change.