info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Análisis de aguas superficiales con alto contenido de fosfatos para el diseño de una planta de tratamiento de agua potable
Analysis of surface waters with high phosphate content for the design of a drinking water treatment plant
Registro en:
10.33262/concienciadigital.v3i3.1264
Autor
Flores Huilcapi, Ana Gabriela
Carrera Almendáriz, Luis Santiago
Medina Serrano , Carlos Alcíbar
Institución
Resumen
El objetivo de esta investigación es el diseño de una planta de tratamiento de agua potable a partir de aguas superficiales. El muestreo del agua cruda de la captación se realiza sistemáticamente durante cuatro semanas consecutivas; las muestras tomadas fueron caracterizadas en un laboratorio de control de calidad mediante pruebas físico-químicas y microbiológica según la Norma Técnica INEN 1108:2014 referida a Requisitos de Agua Potable. Se identifica que las muestras de agua contienen concentraciones de fosfatos y turbidez fuera de los límites permisibles según normativa vigente, para turbiedad 5 NTU y para fosfatos 0,1 mg/L. Para disminuir la concentración de fosfatos de desarrollan pruebas de tratabilidad a nivel de laboratorio, realizando dosificaciones de sulfato de cobre en solución por cada litro de agua cruda. La adición de 5 mg/L de sulfato de cobre disminuye la concentración de fosfatos en 82, 5 %, parámetro que está dentro de la norma establecida. A partir de un caudal máximo de tratamiento de 24L/s de captación de agua superficial se realizan cálculos de ingeniería y diseño para la planta de tratamiento de agua potable que contiene un medidor de caudales, dos sedimentadores, dos filtros ascendentes gruesos y tres filtros lentos con arena fina. El medidor de caudales es tipo parshall con un ancho de garganta de W = 0,229; el sedimentador clásico con una velocidad de sedimentación crítica Vsc = 0,26 mm/s; el filtro ascendente grueso con una velocidad de filtración de Vf = 0,6 m/h y el filtro lento con una velocidad de filtración de Vf = 0,3 m/h. The objective of this research is the design of a drinking water treatment plant from surface waters. The sampling of the raw water from the catchment is carried out systematically for four consecutive weeks; The samples taken were characterized in a quality control laboratory through physical-chemical and microbiological tests according to Technical Standard INEN 1108: 2014 referring to Drinking Water Requirements. It is identified that the water samples contain phosphate concentrations and turbidity outside the permissible limits according to current regulations, for turbidity 5 NTU and for phosphates 0,1 mg/L. In order to reduce the phosphate concentration, laboratory-level treatability tests are carried out, carrying out dosages of copper sulfate in solution for each liter of raw water. The addition of 5 mg/L of copper sulfate decreases the phosphate concentration by 82.5%, a parameter that is within the established norm. The addition of 5 mg / L of copper sulfate decreases the phosphate concentration by 82,5%, a parameter that is within the established norm. Based on a maximum treatment flow rate of 24L/s of surface water collection, engineering and design calculations are carried out for the drinking water treatment plant that contains a flow meter, two settlers, two thick rising filters and three slow filters. with fine sand. The flow meter is a parshall type with a throat width of W = 0,229; the classic settler with a critical settling speed Vsc = 0,26 mm/s; the thick rising filter with a filtration speed of
Vf = 0,6 m / h and the slow filter with a filtration speed of Vf = 0,3 m/h.
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