Tesis
Mejora en la gestión de proyectos de los gobiernos locales de Honduras, a través de una herramienta automatizada
Autor
Nadezda María Danilov Sevilla
Samantha Bernadeth Caro Zelaya
Resumen
Finalmente, se redacta la propuesta de un plan de Desarrollo Profesional para docentes de la UPNFM, con el objetivo de que sea aprobada e implementada, ya que la UPNFM es la institución responsable de formar la mayoría de los docentes que trabajan en el sistema educativo de Honduras, contar con docentes altamente comprometidos y con la posibilidad de mejorar constantemente su desempeño. The municipalities should not be left behind from the phenomenon that the technology and the internet have generated in the world. Not because it is an issue of what is in fashion but because it has generated a new concept of modification in how the government of the municipalities function. This means to have available the technological resources to inform and administrate in an efficient manner a local community or public office. With this in mind, the purpose of this study is first to determine how the municipalities currently manage and administrate their projects, and second to determine the need to contribute to the improvement to the management and administration of the projects in each phase: from their formulation to their completion. The focus of the investigation was an integrated multimodal, also known as mixed model because it was applied both types of analysis (quantitative and qualitative) to the study in order to collect and analyze the information. From the quantitative point of view, the design of the investigation was not experimental because there was no deliberate manipulation of variables and it only observed the phenomena as they exist in their natural environment to later analyze them. The elements observed in the natural environment of the municipalities were a mayor, a vice mayor, project coordinators, coordinators, and inter-municipalities technicians of technical units of 34 municipalities in 14 departments of the country. The criteria for selection of the city halls that were surveyed was according to the opportunities given during the period of the recompilations of the information through AMHON (Association of Municipalities of Honduras) events in Tegucigalpa, visits to the nearby municipalities and work related trips to some municipalities in the northern region of the country. The municipalities were analyzed in four categories (A, B, C, and D) as it is actualized in 2007 and was provided for AMHON. From the qualitative point of view, open interviews were done with experts from different institutions who worked directly with the local government of the municipalities regarding this study. The results obtained from the investigation led to the following conclusions: • 73% of the municipalities that were surveyed currently coordinate their projects manually. In other words, they do not have access to technological systems to coordinate the projects. • 97% of the municipalities utilized the information produced in the realization of the projects with the purpose to have transparency. 85% have the goal to fulfill their commitments to do the procedures with their collaborating partners. 79% used the information to create reports or documents to produce new projects and 56% used the information to produce new reimbursements in order to finance the following phases of the projects. • The weakness that limits the good management and administration of the projects in the municipalities during the formulation phase is that many times they do not know how to present their demands, identify the project’s needs, and set ambitious objectives. In the planning phase there is no structured system (culture) to plan the projects and the majority of the time this phase is performed by outside consultants. In the implementation phase, most of the communities do not have enough experience. For this reason, they end up without resources and fail in the process of buying and bidding. Finally, the monitoring and follow up phase is done by outside evaluators and often they do not participate in the closing phase. • The Municipalities, first place inform to the citizens in general, community based organizations, government institutions and partner collaborative about the progress and closing of the projects. • 100% of the surveyed municipalities showed interest in the modernization of the management and administration of projects in their respective municipalities. Having access to an automatic (technological) system, will allow them to know the status, budget, and progress in the implementation of their projects. At the same time, they will have handy the current accurate information that facilitates and supports making sound decisions that will allow them to manage and administrate new funds with government institutions and participating agencies. • Even though 47% of the surveyed people in the municipalities reported having professional education in regards to managing and administrating the projects, the personnel of the institutions interviewed reported that many of the municipalities do not have the technical staff specialized for the projects, do not know how to plan demands, does not have a structured system (culture) to plan the projects, do not have enough training and experienced to be executives and there is no documentation of the implementation of the projects. • Based on the aforementioned information, the answers to the questions of the investigation were obtained, and as a result, the following recommendations are presented: • To improve the management and administration of the projects in the municipalities through modern tools that allow them to know the status, progress and budget of their projects as well as have immediate access to accurate information in order to facilitate and support making good decisions and at the same time manage and administrate new funds with government institutions and participating agencies. • Information is an active valuable tool for the municipalities because with this they can manage and administrate projects, reimbursements, and the transparency in city hall for the benefit of the communities. With this is mind, it is recommended to the municipalities to keep the information current, completed, organized and accurate through a process and controls that generate the information necessary when needed. • To elaborate a FODA (SWOT) for the staff in charge of managing and administrating the projects in the municipalities in order to strengthen the weaknesses that they present in each of all the phases of the cycle of the projects through trainings so that they can achieve better management and administration for the benefit of their communities. • Because the municipalities provide information to distinctive and diverse entities interested in the advances and closings of the projects, it is recommended to use technologies that allow them to show in a dynamic and clear manner, reports about the implementation of the projects. • To the best of their abilities try to avoid, the rotation of technical personnel to the municipalities based on political affiliation but instead based on capacity.