More than a decade since the demonstration that antiretrovirals used for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were safe and effective in decreasing HIV transmission, these medications remain underused, but continue to be needed, given the persistent burden of incident HIV infection, particularly in multiple sub-Saharan African countries. In 2020, there were about 1,5 million new HIV infections globally, representing a decline of only 31% since 2010. Oral tenofovir-based PrEP is highly effective, but disparities remain due to lower PrEP uptake and adherence among populations disproportionately impacted by HIV. Less than a third of approximately 3 million people who could benefit from PrEP have used it, with most PrEP users located in affluent countries.