The members of the Working Group on Research Priorities for Development of Leishmaniasis Vaccines are: Nahid Ali, Infectious Disease and Immunology Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India, nali@iicb.res.in; Eldo Cardoso de Brito, Jr., Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Federal University of Piauı´, Teresina, Brazil, eldocardoso@gmail.com; Cla´udia Brodskyn, Research Center Gonc¸alo Moniz, Fiocruz, Salvador, Brazil, brodskyn@cpqgm. fiocruz.br; Antoˆnio Campos-Neto, The Forsyth Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, acampos@forsyth.org; Edgar M. Carvalho, Service of Immunology, University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil, edgar@ ufba.br; Kwang Poo Chang, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, KwangPoo. Chang@rosalindfranklin.edu; Carlos Henrique Nery Costa, Institute of Tropical Diseases Natan Portella, Federal University of Piauı´, Teresina, Brazil, chncosta@gmail.com; Ana Paula Fernandes, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, anav@uai.com.br; Ricardo Fujiwara, Laboratory of Immunology and Genomics of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, fujiwara@icb.ufmg.br; Ricardo Gazzinelli, Rene´ Rachou Institute, Fiocruz, and Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, ritoga@cpqrr.fiocruz.br; Hiro Goto, Tropical Diseases Institute of Sa˜o Paulo and School of Medicine, University of Sa˜o Paulo (Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sa˜o Paulo e Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo), Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, hgoto@usp.br; Gabriel Grimaldi, Laboratory of Research in Leishmaniasis, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, grimaldi@ioc.fiocruz.br; Paul Kaye, Centre for Immunology and Infection, Hull York Medical School and Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom, pmk2@york.ac.uk; Lukasz Kedzierski, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, kedzierski@wehi.edu.au; Ali Khamesipour, Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, khamesipour_ ali@yahoo.com; Carla Maia, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, carlamaia@ ihmt.unl.pt; Sandra Regina Maruyama, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeira˜o Preto School of Medicine, University of Sa˜o Paulo, Ribeira˜o Preto, Brazil, sandrarcm@usp.br; W. Robert McMaster, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, robm@interchange.ubc.ca; Se´rgio C. F. Mendonc¸a, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, mendonca@ioc.fiocruz.br; Hira Lal Nakhasi, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, hira.nakhasi@ fda.hhs.gov; Nathan C. Peters, Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America, NPeters@niaid.nih.gov; Franco Piazza, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, fpiazza@idri.org; Rupert Quinnell, Institute of Integrative and Comparative Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom, R.J.Quinnell@leeds.ac.uk; Alexandre Barbosa Reis, Federal University of Ouro Preto and Research Center Rene´ Rachou, Ouro Preto, Brazil, alexreis@nupeb.ufop.br; Isabel K. Ferreira de Miranda Santos, Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeira˜o Preto School of Medicine, University of Sa˜o Paulo, Ribeira˜o Preto, Brazil, imsantos@fmrp.usp.br; Gabriela Santos-Gomes, Hygiene and Tropical Institute (Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical), New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal, santosgomes@ihmt.unl.pt; Jeffrey Shaw, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Sa˜o Paulo, Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil, jeffreyj@usp.br; Jesus Valenzuela, Vector Molecular Biology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America, jvalenzuela@ niaid.nih.gov; Peter Walden, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charite´—Universita¨tsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany, peter.walden@charite.de; Guilherme Werneck, National School of Public Health Se´rgio Arouca, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, gwerneck@ims.uerj.br.The International Symposium on Leishmaniasis Vaccines, held in Olinda, Brazil, on March 9–11, 2009, congregated international experts who conduct research on vaccines against the leishmaniases. The questions that were raised during that meeting and the ensuing discussions are compiled in this report and may assist in guiding a research agenda. A group to further discussion on issues raised in this policy platform has been set up at http:// groups.google.com/group/leishvaccines-l.