Article
The immunology of Plasmodium vivax malaria
Registro en:
ANTONELLI, Lis Ribeiro do Valle et al. The immunology of Plasmodium vivax malaria. Immunological Reviews v. 29, p. 1-27, 2020.
0105-2896
10.1111/imr.12816
Autor
Antonelli, Lis Ribeiro do Valle
Junqueira, Caroline Furtado
Vinetz, Joseph M.
Golenbock, Douglas Taylor
Ferreira, Marcelo Urbano
Gazzinelli, Ricardo Tostes
Resumen
Plasmodium vivax infection, the predominant cause of malaria in Asia and Latin America, affects 14 million individuals annually, with considerable adverse effects on wellbeing and socioeconomic development. A clinical hallmark of Plasmodium in‐ fection, the paroxysm, is driven by pyrogenic cytokines produced during the immune response. Here, we review studies on the role of specific immune cell types, cognate innate immune receptors, and inflammatory cytokines on parasite control and dis‐ ease symptoms. This review also summarizes studies on recurrent infections in indi‐ viduals living in endemic regions as well as asymptomatic infections, a serious barrier to eliminating this disease. We propose potential mechanisms behind these repeated and subclinical infections, such as poor induction of immunological memory cells and inefficient T effector cells. We address the role of antibody‐mediated resistance to P. vivax infection and discuss current progress in vaccine development. Finally, we re‐ view immunoregulatory mechanisms, such as inhibitory receptors, T regulatory cells, and the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, IL‐10, that antagonizes both innate and acquired immune responses, interfering with the development of protective immunity and parasite clearance. These studies provide new insights for the clinical management of symptomatic as well as asymptomatic individuals and the development of an ef‐ ficacious vaccine for vivax malaria 2035-01-01