Article
Evolutionary units delimitation and continental multilocus phylogeny of the hyperdiverse catfish genus Hypostomus
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QUEIROZ, Luiz Jardim de et al. Evolutionary units delimitation and continental multilocus phylogeny of the hyperdiverse catfish genus Hypostomus. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 145, 106711, 15p, 2020.
1055-7903
10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106711
Autor
Queiroz, Luiz Jardim de
Cardoso, Yamila
Jacot-des-Combes, Cécile
Bahechar, Ilham Anne
Lucena, Carlos Alberto
Py-Daniel, Lucia Rapp
Soares, Luisa Maria Sarmento
Nylinder, Stephan
Oliveira, Claudio
Parente, Thiago Estevam
Torrente-Vilara, Gislene
Covain, Raphael
Buckup, Paulo
Montoya-Burgos, Juan I.
Resumen
With 149 currently recognized species, Hypostomus is one of the most species-rich catfish genera in the world,
widely distributed over most of the Neotropical region. To clarify the evolutionary history of this genus, we
reconstructed a comprehensive phylogeny of Hypostomus based on four nuclear and two mitochondrial markers.
A total of 206 specimens collected from the main Neotropical rivers were included in the present study.
Combining morphology and a Bayesian multispecies coalescent (MSC) approach, we recovered 85 previously
recognized species plus 23 putative new species, organized into 118 ‘clusters’. We presented the Cluster
Credibility (CC) index that provides numerical support for every hypothesis of cluster delimitation, facilitating
delimitation decisions. We then examined the correspondence between the morphologically identified species
and their inter-specific COI barcode pairwise divergence. The mean COI barcode divergence between morphological
sisters species was 1.3 ± 1.2%, and only in 11% of the comparisons the divergence was ≥2%. This
indicates that the COI barcode threshold of 2% classically used to delimit fish species would seriously underestimate
the number of species in Hypostomus, advocating for a taxon-specific COI-based inter-specific divergence
threshold to be used only when approximations of species richness are needed. The phylogeny of the 108
Hypostomus species, together with 35 additional outgroup species, confirms the monophyly of the genus. Four
well-supported main lineages were retrieved, hereinafter called super-groups: Hypostomus cochliodon, H. hemiurus,
H. auroguttatus, and H. plecostomus super-groups. We present a compilation of diagnostic characters for each
super-group. Our phylogeny lays the foundation for future studies on biogeography and on macroevolution to
better understand the successful radiation of this Neotropical fish genus.