Em 150 autópsias consecutivas procedidas em fetos, recém-nascidos e crianças até 3 anos no "Instituto Fernandes Figueira". Distrito Federal, de 1954 a 1957, foram estudados 4 casos de CITOMEGALIA, em 2 recém-nascidos e 2 lactenates. O diagnóstico foi firmado pelo exame microscópico, não tendo sido suspeitado clinicamente. Igualmente exame microscópico foi pouco elucidativo, razão por que se fez exame das glândulas salivares, agora já integrado na rotina de autópsia. Um dos recém-nascidos apresentou forma clínica bem identificada (prematuridade, ictericia, parpura, hépato, e esplenomegalia, microcefalia com necrose e calcificações cerebrais); no outro o quadro infeccioso se manifestou de forma inteiramente diversa (feto a termo, palidez acentuada onfalite, peritonite, fenômenos hemorrágicos viscerais, intensos ao nível do sistema nervoso). Os lactantes eram crianças distróficas, predominando num os sintomas respiratórios e no outro os digestivos. Ambos apresentam pneumonia intersticial e, um deles, processo de enterite ulcerativa, em cujo exsudato se verificou a presença de Monilia. Observou-se a presença das células citomegálicas, com caracteres típicos, em vários órgãos, sendo rins e os pulmões mais ricos, muito mais numerosas nos recém-nascidos, onde a doença assumiu aspecto septicêmico. Deve-se assinalar que foram encontradas lesões do sistema nervoso nos quatro casos, sob forma de meningoencefalite crônica. As perebquimatosas se assestaram de preferência na parede dos ventrículos laterais (hiperplasia dos elementos do epêndimo da glia subependimária, depósitos de cálcio e ferro manguito perivascular). Num dos recém-nascidos o processo atingiu extrema gravidade, provocando necrose de grande parte do córtex cerebral de um hemisfério; no outro, as lesões revestiram-se de aspecto hemorrágico. Nos lactantes foram predominantes os processos de leptomeningite e de ependimite, produzindo áreas de ulegíria em, e, em ambos, dilatação do sistema ventricular.In 150 consecutive autopsies made in fetuses, newborns and children under 3 years, at the "INSTITUTO FERNANDES FIGUEIRA" DISTRITO FEDERAL, from 1954 to 1957, four cases of CYTOMEGALY were diagnosed, 2 newborns and 2 infants. The diagnosis was made by microscopic examination, for there was no clinical suspicion before. Gross examination was not too elucidative either and on account of this the microscopic examination of the salivary glands was not made, practice which is now used in the routine of autopsy. One of the newborns presented the well known clinical form of the disease (prematurity, icterus, purpura, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly, microcephaly with necrosis and cerebral calcifications); in the other, the infectious processus produced entirely different symptoms (newborn at term, intense pallor, hemorrhagic visceral lesions, more severe at the nervous system, omphalitis, peritonitis). The infants presented intense undernourishment, predominating the respiratory symptoms in one of them and the digestive symptoms in the other. Both had interstitial pneumonia and one of them had ulcerative enteritis, in which exsudate specimen of Monilia were found. The typical CYTOMEGALIC CELLS were identified on several visceras, more frequently on the kidneys and lungs, and even much more numerous in necessary to emphasize that nervous system lesions were found in the newborns, where the infection assumed septicemic form. It is necessary to emphasize that nervous system lesions were found in the four cases under the form of chronic meningo-encephalitis. The parenchymatous lesions were mainly located on the walls of the lateral ventricles (hyperplasia of the ependymal cells, of the subependymal glia, depositions of calcium and iron, perivascular sheaths of round cells). In one of the newborns the infectious processus became extremely severe and produced necrosis of great part of the cortex of the right hemisphere, followed by numerous foci of calcifications; in the other the lesions were essentially hemorragic. In both infants there were essentially leptomeningitis and ependymitis, producing zones of ulegytia and ventricular dilatation.