State of Bahia by the granting of Master scholarship for student Icaro J.S. Ribeiro. The Coordination for the Improvement of Higher EducationDiabetes mellitus is one of the most common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and may influence the autonomic nervous system. This study aims to analyze the autonomic control, through heart rate variability (HRV), from community-dwelling elders with (DM+) and without diabetes mellitus (DM-). Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study, in which 205 elders (≥ 60 years old), from the urban area of Aiquara municipality gave their written consent to participate. HRV data was collected through a Polar RS800CX monitor with a 5-min initial record at rest, followed by the command to quickly stand up. Results: The mean age was 71 years (SD, 7.32). The population was mostly made up of women 121 (59%), with low or no schooling 123 (60%), and low income 166 (81%). HRV analysis in a frequency domain showed no difference when comparing the two groups of DM + and DM . Henceforth in a time domain, the rMSSD showed a median value of 16.09 (interquartile range, 9.91–30.68); pNN50 median of 0.79 (interquartile range, 0.00–6.62), with a statistical significance between the group of DM+ and DM . Conclusions: There is a difference between the studied groups principally in what concerns the time domain, which reflects the parasympathetic activity, suggesting that elders with diabetes mellitus may have a worse parasympathetic control.