This study aimed to analyze the health and environment aspects of the rural area that influence the quality of health in Teresina, Piaui, Brazil. This study was characterized as a reflective descriptive research of direct observation experience report. The participant observation study was conducted by health professionals who work in the primary health care of the Family Health Strategy within the community and carry out research studies in the rural area. The participant observation period was held in 2018, with various activities within the community. According to these observed and analyzed data, the precarious health conditions of this population and the great impact on the lack of health quality are pointed out, as it is strongly influenced by socio environmental factors arising from basic sanitation issues as they are totally unsatisfactory and this influences the health and disease process and the achievement of comprehensive access to health services. Given the above, it is noted the relevance of understanding the relationship between socio-environmental conditions and the quality of life of the population, and the importance of presenting a critical reflexive presentation of the concrete reality of this rural area within the capital of the state of Piauí.