Article
Rotenone enhances antifungal activity of novel pyrazoles against Candida spp.
Registro en:
QUEJADA, Luis Fernando et al. Rotenone enhances antifungal activity of novel pyrazoles against Candida spp. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, 5, 100045, p. 1 - 9, Apr. 2022.
2772-4174
10.1016/j.ejmcr.2022.100045
Autor
Quejada, Luis Fernando
Almeida, Renata de
Vegi, Percilene Fazolin
Santos, Maurício Silva dos
Bernardino, Alice Maria Rolim
Vericimo, Mauricio Afonso
Faria, Robson Xavier
Resumen
Mycoses annually affect about 2 million individuals worldwide, especially in tropical countries. Candida spp., one
of the main etiologic agents of these mycoses, and in particular Candida albicans has been the most isolated
pathogen in patients with severe clinical cases of invasive candidiasis and candidemia, causing frequent infections
or opportunistic and chronic systemic forms. However, the emergence of non-albicans infections has become a
public health concern worldwide. In discovering har.mless molecules, the pyrazoles have attracted many scientists
because their great synthetic versatility and extensive therapeutic properties such as antibacterials, antivirals,
antimalarials, and anti-inflammatories, anti-leishmaniasis, and antifungals. They are part of Azole compounds
used for decades for antifungal treatment. The azole action mechanism is related to ergosterol synthesis inhibition
by blocking the target enzymes, known as Erg11p, leading to fungistatic action. We evaluated the antifungal
potential of 12 pyrazole derivatives. Compound 1d caused prominent action against Candida glabrata. Thus, we
employed Rotenone as a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor. Rotenone helped to enhance the effect of the novel
pyrazole derivatives tested against Candida spp, decreasing MICs value from a range of 250–500 to <3.1 μg/mL.
Pyrazoles had a reduced cytotoxicity effect on in vivo cell culture than ketoconazole. Although ROS production
might be a possible mechanism, it remained unclear. Thus, new studies must elucidate this synergistic action.