Artigo
Microsatellite analysis supports clonal propagation and reduced divergence of Trypanosoma vivax from asymptomatic to fatally infected livestock in South America compared to West Africa
Registro en:
Parasites & Vectors. London: Biomed Central Ltd, v. 7, 13 p., 2014.
1756-3305
10.1186/1756-3305-7-210
WOS:000335998700001
WOS000335998700001.pdf
Autor
Garcia, Herakles A.
Rodrigues, Adriana C.
Rodrigues, Carla M. F.
Bengaly, Zakaria
Minervino, Antonio H. H.
Riet-Correa, Franklin
Machado, Rosangela Z. [UNESP]
Paiva, Fernando
Batista, Jael S.
Neves, Luis
Hamilton, Patrick B.
Teixeira, Marta M. G.
Resumen
Background: Mechanical transmission of the major livestock pathogen Trypanosoma vivax by other biting flies than tsetse allows its spread from Africa to the New World. Genetic studies are restricted to a small number of isolates and based on molecular markers that evolve too slowly to resolve the relationships between American and West African populations and, thus, unable us to uncover the recent history of T. vivax in the New World.Methods: T. vivax genetic diversity, population structure and the source of outbreaks was investigated through the microsatellite multiloci (7 loci) genotype (MLGs) analysis in South America (47isolates from Brazil, Venezuela and French Guiana) and West Africa (12 isolates from The Gambia, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria). Relationships among MLGs were explored using phylogenetic, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses.Results: Although closely phylogenetically related, for the first time, genetic differences were detected between T. vivax isolates from South America (11 genotypes/47 isolates) and West Africa (12 genotypes/12 isolates) with no MLGs in common. Diversity was far greater across West Africa than in South America, where genotypes from Brazil (MLG1-6), Venezuela (MLG7-10) and French Guiana (MLG11) shared similar but not identical allele composition. No MLG was exclusive to asymptomatic (endemic areas) or sick (outbreaks in non-endemic areas) animals, but only MLGs1, 2 and 3 were responsible for severe haematological and neurological disorders.Conclusions: Our results revealed closely related genotypes of T. vivax in Brazil and Venezuela, regardless of endemicity and clinical conditions of the infected livestock. The MLGs analysis from T. vivax across SA and WA support clonal propagation, and is consistent with the hypothesis that the SA populations examined here derived from common ancestors recently introduced from West Africa. The molecular markers defined here are valuable to assess the genetic diversity, to track the source and dispersion of outbreaks, and to explore the epidemiological and pathological significance of T. vivax genotypes. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) CDCH-UCV studentship from Venezuela Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Biomed, Dept Parasitol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil Cent Univ Venezuela, Fac Ciencias Med, Dept Patol Vet, Maracay, Aragua, Venezuela Ctr Int Rech Dev Elevage Zone Subhumide CIRDES, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Univ Fed Oeste Para, Inst Biodiversidade & Floresta, Santarem, Para, Brazil Univ Fed Campina Grande, Hosp Vet, Patos de Minas, Paraiba, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Patol, Fac Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Dept Vet Parasitol, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Rural Semi Arido, Dept Ciencias Anim, Mossoro, RN, Brazil Univ Eduardo Mondlane, Ctr Biotecnol, Maputo, Mozambique Univ Pretoria, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Trop Dis, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa Univ Exeter, Coll Life & Environm Sci, Exeter, Devon, England Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Patol, Fac Vet, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil