Factores Maternos Relacionados con Bajo Peso al Nacer en Colombia en el 2021

Abstract

Low birth weight is considered one of the transcendental factors related to infant mortality. Although the figures for very low birth weight newborns range from 1 to 1.5% of births, their effects are related to neonatal (50 to 70%) and infant (25 to 40%) mortality in the South American region. , in relation to the risk they present 40% more of dying in their neonatal period, 200% more in those less than 1,500 grams at birth. The intention of our study was to establish the prevalence of low birth weight (LBW), as well as the sociodemographic and maternal factors associated with low birth weight in Colombia in 2021. The present study has an analytical observational approach taking information from the statistical bases of DANE live births for the year 2021, with descriptive analysis, contingency tables, chi-square tests and measures of association with OR, binary logistic regression related to the dependent variable and at the same time for bias control. The most relevant results of our article with the irrigation of BPN, the maternal with subsidized regime has a risk 1.1 times that the urban area, being born below 36 weeks presents 23 times more risks than those born at term, under prenatal control 1.5 times risk compared to controlled pregnancies. Protective factors such as being born in a health institution, living in an urban area, having social security or EPS, maternal age over 17 years contribute to optimal birth weight.