Análisis diseño y control de convertidores DC-DC funcionando como transformadores DC para estructuras de potencia en data centers

Abstract

Due to the high demand for web services and cloud storage, it is necessary to design ‘Data Centers’ with a greater number of Racks, which house servers and hard disks; based on the exponential growth of ‘Data Centers’, it is estimated that by 2030 they will represent the consumption of 51% of the energy generated globally. Therefore, it is necessary to develop energy supply sources with high efficiency. It is proposed in this degree work, the implementation of two converter technologies that have as main characteristic the high efficiency, the DCx converter and the PPC converter. These will be used to reduce 12 V to the voltage of the load, which in this case is represented by hard disks and servers, whose operating voltages are 1.8 V.

The DCx converter is composed of a square wave generator, a resonant network, a transformer and its respective rectification, therefore, it is not necessary to develop a control system for this converter. The opposite case occurs with the PPC converter, which modifies the output voltage depending on the pulse width of the switching devices; therefore, it is necessary to perform control over this variable to obtain the required output. For the control system, 3 techniques are developed, a basic one (frequency control), an advanced one (LMI control) and another one by means of optimization algorithms (PSO). The design is carried out and each of the controllers is simulated in order to identify the one with the best performance.

The structure of the general converter is defined by the PPC converter and the DCx converter is connected in series; where the PPC converter performs the voltage reduction from 12V to 7.2V and the DCx reduces the voltage to 1.8V. The general converter is implemented with each of the mentioned controllers, simulations are performed with disturbances and component values similar to reality to identify the correct operation of the system and obtain the controller that offers the best results. Obtaining the best performance with the PSO controller due to the way of optimizing the values for the control system. Finally, an initial version of a PCB is presented to carry out its physical implementation. It is not a definitive version, since certain components need to be manufactured since they are not commercial, therefore, the dimensions shown may or may not be correct.