Índice de Mallampati e hipertrofia amigdalina como factores asociados de la apnea obstructiva del sueño en adultos: una revisión sistemática.

Abstract

Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by total or partial airway blockage due to a decrease in pharyngeal space, which forces the patient to elevate his or her respiratory efforts to overcome these episodes. Objective: To identify the association between tonsillar hypertrophy and the Mallampati index in adult patients with a diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea as reported in the scientific literature in the last ten years. Methods: A research was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web Of Science, Lilacs, Dentistry and Oral Science databases, including clinical trials on obstructive sleep apnea and the relationship with the degree of tonsillar hypertrophy and Mallampati index, published in the last decade. The instrument was made in Microsoft Excel to collect and consolidate the information extracted from the previously selected articles. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JBI tool. Results: A total of 15 articles that met the eligibility criteria, a 73,3% association was evidenced between OSA and the Mallampati scale, relating levels III and IV with moderate and severe episodes of OSA, while only 6.6% significantly correlated tonsil size classification with OSA severity P<.0001. Conclusions: There is an association between sleep apnea and the presence of Mallampati index grade III and IV as reported in the literature, but we could not associate the presence of tonsillar hypertrophy with the presence of obstructive sleep apnea, being very few literature mentioning it in their research.