O intercâmbio comercial entre o Brasil e a China no período de 2009 a 2019: uma análise das vantagens comparativas

Abstract

The trade relations between Brazil and China have become a very interesting object of study within the international economy. This is because intra-sector trade between the two countries has grown exponentially over the last few years, presenting high numbers when it comes to trade flow. In this sense, the goal of this paper is to analyze these relations during a 10-year period (2009-2019) through the bias of comparative advantages. To measure

the strengthening of the relationship between the two countries quantitative and qualita- tive resources were used, the main ones were: grounded theory regarding the origins of

comparative advantages, history of the trade relationship between the countries, identifica- tion of changes in trade and competitiveness indicators such as the Revealed Comparative

Advantage Index (RCV) and Gini-Hirschman Index. The data show that the two countries

have comparative advantages in a different range of products: Brazil in the export of com- modities - minerals reached US$30 billion in 2019 - and China in manufactured goods and

technology - machinery and equipment that reached US$15.6 billion also in the year 2019. This can be justified by the fact that Brazil has a territory of many natural riches and has suffered a process of deindustrialization since the 1990s. China, on the other hand, does not have this problem, being a highly industrialized country with a high supply of labor, thus generating a low production cost. Thus, the expectation is that this Sino-Brazilian trade relationship will get stronger over the years.