he current study investigates the influence of cutting speed and feed rate of the milling process on the surface finish and the uniaxial fatigue behavior of structural ASTM A 36 steel plates. A full factorial design is proposed that considers two levels for experimental factors cutting speed and feed rate. Fatigue tests are performed with a load rate R=0.04 and a frequency application of 12 Hz, using a total of 32 dog bone tensile test specimens. The surface quality is characterized by measuring the mean roughness (Ra), the mean roughness depth (Rz) and the maximum roughness depth (Rmax). After several analytic methods are made, it is shown that as the cutting speed increases, surface roughness decreases. In addition, a slower cutting speed during machining increases the probability of fatigue failure survival of the material. Likewise, a greater fatigue life was found as the maximum roughness decreases (Rmax).