El siguiente documento, aborda los principales factores que se asocian a la problem?tica del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en los Ni?os, Ni?as y Adolescentes. Todo esto, retomando informaci?n pertinente de art?culos realizados en diversos contextos, donde se expone el consumo como una problem?tica predominante en la poblaci?n mencionada. Por otra parte, se puntualizan factores predisponentes tales como: la familia, la relaci?n entre pares, la educaci?n y el contexto sociocultural. Enmarc?ndola as?, como una problem?tica de car?cter psicosocial. Finalmente, se realiza una discusi?n y se expone como conclusi?n, que el contexto relacional primario suele ser con frecuencia el m?s influyente en la presentaci?n de dicha conducta.The following document addresses the main factors associated with the problem of consumption of psychoactive substances (SPA) in children and adolescents. All this, taking up pertinent information from articles carried out in diverse contexts, where consumption is exposed as a predominant problem in the mentioned population. On the other hand, predisposing factors such as: the family, the relationship between peers, education and the socio-cultural context are pointed out. Framing it this way, as a problematic of psychosocial character. Finally, a discussion is carried out and it is exposed as conclusion, that the primary relational context is often the most influential in the presentation of this behavior.