Fil: Declerck, Fabrice. EAT Foundation; Francia.Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Recursos Naturales, Agroecología y Desarrollo Rural; Argentina.Fil: Hamm, Michael. Michigan State University; Estados Unidos.Fil: Myers, Pete. Environmental Health Sciences; Estados Unidos.Fil: Zhang, Wei. International Food Policy Research Institute; Estados Unidos.Food is the ultimate source of energy and nutrients for every human, and is the basis for agricultural production around the world. Agricultural production systems link human diets to inputs used in agricultural production, to the diverse types and quantities of food (and feed), fuel and fibres produced, to the types of management and land use systems that produce them, to how they are processed, stored and transported to consumers, to how they are regulated and where they ultimately end up. From start to finish, these systems can be envisioned as intertwined threads that tie the health of the environment to the health of people 1 . The ‘eco-agri-food systems’ complex is a collective term for the fabric woven from these many system threads, encompassing the vast and interacting complex of ecosystems, agricultural lands, pastures, fisheries, labour, infrastructure, technology, policies, culture, traditions, and institutions (including markets) that are variously involved in growing, processing, distributing and consuming food. Having set out what the eco-agri-food systems complex is, how can we determine whether or not it is functioning well? The primary purpose of the eco-agri-food systems complex can be broken down into three broad objectives: (I) to ensure food security for all; (II) to improve social, economic and cultural well-being and secure over a billion livelihoods; and (III) to not compromise our ability to satisfy the needs of future generations 2 . We comment on each objective in turn.